Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Eliminating excess H+.

Excreting excess water.

Eliminating excess CO2.

Reabsorbing additional HCO3-.

Reabsorbing additional sodium ions.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A rationale:

Eliminating excess H+ ions (hydrogen ions) is a primary mechanism the kidneys use to buffer acidosis. In acidosis, there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body, leading to a decrease in pH. The kidneys help regulate the body's pH by excreting hydrogen ions to lower acidity.

Choice B rationale:

Excreting excess water is not a specific acid-base mechanism related to acidosis. While maintaining proper hydration is important for overall health, it does not directly influence the body's acid-base balance in the context of acidosis.

Choice C rationale:

Eliminating excess CO2 is primarily a respiratory mechanism, not a kidney function. CO2 elimination is more related to the lungs' ability to regulate the body's pH by adjusting respiratory rate and depth.

Choice D rationale:

Reabsorbing additional HCO3- ions (bicarbonate ions) is a renal mechanism to buffer acidosis. Bicarbonate ions act as a base and can neutralize excess hydrogen ions, raising the pH of the body fluids.

Choice E rationale:

Reabsorbing additional sodium ions is not a specific acid-base mechanism related to acidosis. While sodium ions are important for various physiological processes, they do not play a direct role in buffering acidosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Chronic stable angina typically occurs with both activity and rest due to the increased oxygen demand of the heart during exertion. It is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin, which helps to decrease the heart's workload. This choice accurately represents the characteristic of chronic stable angina.

Choice B rationale:

Chronic stable angina usually lasts for a short duration, usually around 5 minutes, and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. Prolonged pain lasting 10-15 minutes or more could indicate an unstable angina or myocardial infarction. This choice is incorrect for chronic stable angina.

Choice C rationale:

Pain due to chronic stable angina subsides when the precipitating factor, such as physical exertion, is resolved or with medication like nitroglycerin. Therefore, this statement is incorrect for chronic stable angina.

Choice D rationale:

Chronic stable angina follows a predictable pattern, occurring intermittently over a period of time, and is usually triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress. This option does not accurately represent the typical pattern of chronic stable angina.

A. Hypotonic saltwater. B. Hypertonic saltwater. C. Hypotonic freshwater. D. Hypertonic freshwater.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is B. Hypertonic saltwater.

Choice A rationale: Hypotonic saltwater would not cause significant fluid shifts into the alveoli. Instead, it would cause cells to swell due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells.

Choice B rationale: Hypertonic saltwater causes fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli due to the higher concentration of solutes in the water compared to the body's cells. This can impair alveolar ventilation and result in hypoxia.

Choice C rationale: Hypotonic freshwater would cause cells to swell and potentially burst due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells, but it would not specifically cause fluid to be drawn into the alveoli.

Choice D rationale: Hypertonic freshwater is not a common classification for drowning water. Freshwater is typically hypotonic compared to body fluids, and it would not cause the same fluid shift as hypertonic saltwater.

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Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.One, some, or all responses may be correct.

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Which information would the nurse include when discussing pain due to chronic stable angina with the patient?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
One, some, or all responses may be correct.