Which artery provides the blood to the distal segments of the large intestine and rectum?

A. It is the air in the lungs after maximal inhalation: Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the total amount of air the lungs can hold after maximum inhalation.

B. It is the quantity of air that a person can move into or out of the lungs: This defines vital capacity, not total lung capacity.

C. It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration: This describes functional residual capacity, not TLC.

D. It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after maximum inhalation: This is the definition of vital capacity (VC), not total lung capacity.

A. Eosinophil: Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, but they are not responsible for B and T cell functions.

B. Basophil: Basophils are involved in inflammatory responses, particularly releasing histamine, but do not include B or T cells.

C. Monocyte: Monocytes are large white blood cells that develop into macrophages but do not include B or T cells.

D. Lymphocyte: Lymphocytes are a subtype of white blood cells that include B cells (which produce antibodies) and T cells (which are involved in cell-mediated immunity), making this the correct answer.