Which assessment finding would be considered normal in an elderly client?

Face the client while speaking and ask them to verify understanding. This intervention would help the client to read the nurse’s lips and confirm the message.

It would also show respect and empathy for the client’s condition.

Choice A is wrong because using exaggerated mouth and hand movements when speaking can be distracting and insulting to the client.

It can also distort the words and make them harder to understand.

Choice C is wrong because standing in front of a light when speaking to the client can create glare and make it difficult for the client to see the nurse’s face.

Touching the client to be sure they know where you are can be startling and unnecessary if the client is not visually impaired.

Choice D is wrong because obtaining an interpreter for sign language is inappropriate unless the client knows sign language.

Not all hearing-impaired clients use sign language, and some may prefer other methods of communication.

Choice A is correct because using a soft toothbrush can decrease the risk of bleeding from the gums, which is a common site of bleeding for people with hemophilia.

Choice C is correct because reporting excessive bleeding to the provider and using precautions to protect the head and joints are important aspects of home care for hemophilia.

Choice B is wrong because ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can interfere with platelet function and increase bleeding tendency. People with hemophilia should avoid NSAIDs and use acetaminophen instead for pain relief.

Choice D is wrong because clotting factor treatments are not only needed when a bleed occurs but also as a preventive measure to reduce the frequency and severity of bleeding episodes. People with severe hemophilia need regular clotting factor replacement therapy for the rest of their lives.

Choice E is wrong because warm, painful joints are signs of joint bleeding, which is a serious complication of hemophilia that can lead to permanent joint damage.

People with hemophilia should not apply heat to their joints, but rather use ice packs, compression, elevation and rest to reduce swelling and pain. They should also seek medical attention and receive clotting factor replacement therapy as soon as possible.