Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow to the lower extremities?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that results from the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the lower extremities. This can cause symptoms such as leg pain, numbness, and poor wound healing.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. This results in an absolute insulin deficiency and requires external insulin administration.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1.

b. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes is not primarily caused by lifestyle factors; it has an autoimmune etiology.

d. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence, not adulthood, and is not associated with insulin resistance.

A. Oral antidiabetic medication therapy. B. Basal-bolus insulin therapy. C. Sliding-scale insulin therapy. D. Insulin glargine therapy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Basal-bolus insulin therapy involves administering a continuous basal insulin infusion to provide background insulin coverage and delivering bolus doses of insulin before meals to cover postprandial glucose elevations.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Oral antidiabetic medications are not used in basal-bolus insulin therapy.

c. This choice is incorrect. Sliding-scale insulin therapy involves adjusting insulin doses based on current blood glucose levels, rather than providing consistent basal and mealtime coverage.

d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin glargine therapy provides long-acting basal insulin coverage but does not involve bolus doses before meals.

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Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow to the lower extremities?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which diagnostic test is used to assess the body's ability to clear glucose from the blood and is commonly used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus?

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus is characterized by blurred or distorted vision?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is not related to insulin deficiency or resistance, but rather results from genetic mutations affecting the function of specific genes involved in beta cell function?

Which of the following is an appropriate dietary recommendation for a client with diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?