Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic retinopathy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness. It is a result of prolonged high blood glucose levels damaging the small blood vessels in the eye.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with low blood sugar, not prolonged hyperglycemia.

b. This choice is incorrect. Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production would not be consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia; rather, hyperglycemia impairs cellular glucose uptake.

d. This choice is incorrect. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance, not enhanced insulin sensitivity.

A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. C. Gestational diabetes mellitus. D. Prediabetes.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in a lack of insulin production.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but pancreatic beta cells are not completely destroyed.

c. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy and is not caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

d. This choice is incorrect. Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. It is not characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

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Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency?

A client with diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. The nurse should instruct the client to consume:

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is caused by other medical conditions or factors, such as certain medications or hormonal imbalances?

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus?

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?