Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Blurred vision and vision loss.

Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.

Numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to damage of small blood vessels and nerves, resulting in neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically manifestations of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.

b. This choice is incorrect. Blurred vision and vision loss are associated with diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication, not nerve damage.

c. This choice is incorrect. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections are related to the effects of hyperglycemia on blood flow and immune function, rather than nerve damage.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates glucose uptake into cells, promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscles, and inhibits hepatic glucose production.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Glucagon is another pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release from the liver.

c. This choice is incorrect. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that can raise blood glucose levels during times of stress.

d. This choice is incorrect. Cortisol, also produced by the adrenal glands, can increase blood glucose levels in response to stress and inflammation.

A. Fiber intake. B. Protein intake. C. Fat intake. D. Carbohydrate intake.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Carbohydrates have the most significant impact on blood glucose levels as they are broken down into glucose during digestion. Monitoring and controlling carbohydrate intake is crucial for managing blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Fiber intake is important for digestive health and can help stabilize blood glucose levels, but it does not have as direct an impact as carbohydrates.

b. This choice is incorrect. Protein intake can influence insulin secretion, but it has a more modest effect on blood glucose compared to carbohydrates.

c. This choice is incorrect. Fat intake affects overall health, but it has a minimal direct impact on blood glucose levels.

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Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which dietary component is particularly important for individuals with diabetes mellitus to monitor and control due to its direct impact on blood glucose levels?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

The nurse is explaining the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the importance of blood sugar monitoring. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

A client with diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. The nurse should instruct the client to consume:

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion?

Which statement accurately describes gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?