Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Blurred vision and vision loss.
Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.
Numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.
The Correct Answer is D
Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to damage of small blood vessels and nerves, resulting in neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically manifestations of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.
b. This choice is incorrect. Blurred vision and vision loss are associated with diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication, not nerve damage.
c. This choice is incorrect. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections are related to the effects of hyperglycemia on blood flow and immune function, rather than nerve damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Metformin is a commonly used oral antidiabetic medication that improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, reduces hepatic glucose production, and enhances glucose uptake by cells.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas, rather than increasing insulin sensitivity.
c. This choice is incorrect. Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used for mealtime coverage in insulin therapy.
d. This choice is incorrect. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that stimulates insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon release, but it does not primarily target insulin sensitivity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This statement is incorrect because blood sugar monitoring is an essential part of diabetes management, even when the client is feeling well. It provides valuable information about blood sugar levels and helps prevent both high and low blood sugar episodes.
Incorrect choices:
a. This statement is correct. Regular blood sugar monitoring provides insights into how the body responds to food and medication.
b. This statement is correct. Blood sugar monitoring is important for preventing both hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes.
d. This statement is correct. Monitoring blood sugar levels empowers the client to make informed decisions about their diabetes management.
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