Which concept refers to the tendency of a family to remain stable even in the midst of change?

Choice A reason: The orientation phase is the initial stage of the therapeutic relationship where the client and therapist establish rapport, clarify roles, and set goals. It is typically marked by anxiety and uncertainty, but not regression or symptom reemergence. The client is just beginning to engage and is unlikely to show deep psychological shifts at this point.

Choice B reason: The termination phase involves ending the therapeutic relationship. While it may evoke emotional responses such as sadness or anxiety, it is not typically associated with regression or the reemergence of symptoms. Instead, it focuses on consolidating gains and planning for future coping strategies.

Choice C reason: The working phase is where the core therapeutic work occurs. This phase involves exploring painful emotions, unresolved conflicts, and maladaptive behaviors. It is common for clients to regress or experience a resurgence of symptoms during this phase as they confront difficult material. This regression is often a sign of progress, indicating that the client is engaging deeply with the therapeutic process.

Choice D reason: Identification is a subcomponent of the working phase in Peplau’s theory, where the client begins to respond selectively to those who can meet their needs. While it is part of the therapeutic process, it is not the primary phase associated with regression or symptom reemergence. The broader working phase encompasses these dynamics more fully.

Choice A reason: Divalproex is associated with a high risk of neural tube defects and other congenital malformations when used during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It is not considered a safe alternative.

Choice B reason: Lithium carries a risk of cardiac malformations, particularly Ebstein’s anomaly, when used during the first trimester. Its safety profile is complex and requires careful monitoring, especially during early pregnancy.

Choice C reason: Carbamazepine is also teratogenic and associated with neural tube defects. It is not considered a safe alternative during pregnancy.

Choice D reason: Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, has not been strongly linked to major fetal malformations. While caution is still advised due to risks of neonatal withdrawal and