Which is the expected outcome of pursed-lip breathing?

to strengthen the intercostal muscles

to promote oxygen intake

to strengthen the diaphragm

to promote carbon dioxide elimination

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. To strengthen the intercostal muscles: Pursed-lip breathing does not primarily target muscle strengthening. Instead, it helps regulate airflow and improve gas exchange, making this outcome inaccurate.

B. To promote oxygen intake: While pursed-lip breathing may indirectly improve oxygenation, its main goal is not to increase oxygen intake but to prevent air trapping and improve ventilation.

C. To strengthen the diaphragm: Diaphragmatic breathing helps strengthen the diaphragm, but pursed-lip breathing specifically works to control exhalation and prevent alveolar collapse, not muscle conditioning.

D. To promote carbon dioxide elimination: Pursed-lip breathing prolongs exhalation, reduces air trapping, and facilitates the removal of carbon dioxide, which is especially beneficial in COPD patients.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Place the head of the patient's bed flat: Positioning the patient flat does not address the underlying issue of excessive bubbling. This intervention has no effect on the integrity of the chest tube system or on resolving the possible air leak.

B. Notify the healthcare provider: Excessive bubbling in the water seal chamber usually indicates an air leak in the chest tube system or from the patient’s lung. Prompt notification of the healthcare provider ensures timely evaluation and correction of the problem to prevent complications.

C. Milk the chest tube: Milking or stripping chest tubes is not recommended because it can create high negative pressures and damage lung tissue. This action does not correct excessive bubbling and may worsen patient outcomes.

D. Disconnect the system and get another: Disconnecting the system increases the risk of introducing air into the pleural space, potentially leading to a tension pneumothorax. Replacing the system may be needed, but it should not be done before assessing and notifying the healthcare provider.

A. HIV targets macrophages, resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and antigen presentation B. HIV primarily targets T lymphocytes, leading to decreased production of antibodies. C. HIV infects B lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens. D. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing progressive depletion of these cells and weakening the immune system.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. HIV targets macrophages, resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and antigen presentation: HIV can infect macrophages, but this is not the primary mechanism of immune suppression. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to immunodeficiency but is secondary to CD4+ T-cell depletion.

B. HIV primarily targets T lymphocytes, leading to decreased production of antibodies: HIV affects T lymphocytes, but the main consequence is the loss of CD4+ helper cells, which indirectly affects B-cell function. Antibody production is impaired, but the central issue is T-cell depletion.

C. HIV infects B lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens: HIV does not directly infect B cells. B-cell dysfunction occurs secondary to the loss of helper T-cell support, leading to inadequate immune responses.

D. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing progressive depletion of these cells and weakening the immune system: The virus targets CD4+ T-helper cells, gradually destroying them, which impairs both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, leaving the client susceptible to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related complications.

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Which is the expected outcome of pursed-lip breathing?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a patient with chest tubes connected to a drainage system. What should the first action be when the nurse observes excessive bubbling in the water seal chamber?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS and its impact on the immune system?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Which of the following symptoms are most characteristic of BPD?

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with dependent personality disorder and assigns an outcome to increase problem-solving skills. Which client behavior would indicate progress toward meeting that outcome?

The nurse is educating a client taking Clozaril/clozapine. Which statement made by the client indicates that the education is effective?

While caring for a client with a chest tube, which nursing assessment would alert the nurse to a possible complication?

Which assessment finding indicates a tension pneumothorax, a complication of untreated pneumothorax?

The nurse is involved in the care of a client with antisocial personality disorder. Which purpose does the nurse identify as a priority when participating in a periodic team meeting when caring for this client?

The nurse explains to the client that therapy will be a long process. Which is a realistic outcome for a client with a personality disorder engaging in therapy?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing dyspnea and has a low PaO2 level. The nurse plans to administer oxygen as prescribed. Which statement is true concerning oxygen administration to a client with COPD?