Which is the pathophysiological basis for Parkinson’s disease?

Decreased amount of acetylcholine.

Increased amount of serotonin.

Disruption in the myelin sheath.

Diminished amount of dopamine.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Decreased acetylcholine is not the primary cause of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s results from dopamine loss in the substantia nigra, disrupting motor control. Acetylcholine imbalance may occur in other conditions like Alzheimer’s, but it is not the pathophysiological basis for Parkinson’s motor symptoms.

Choice B reason: Increased serotonin is not linked to Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s is caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, leading to motor dysfunction. Serotonin imbalances may affect mood, but they are not the core mechanism, making this incorrect for the disease’s pathophysiological basis.

Choice C reason: Disruption in the myelin sheath occurs in multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s involves neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, reducing dopamine. Myelin is unrelated to Parkinson’s motor symptoms, making this incorrect, as dopamine deficiency is the established pathophysiological mechanism driving the disease.

Choice D reason: Parkinson’s disease is caused by a diminished amount of dopamine due to degeneration of substantia nigra neurons. Dopamine deficiency disrupts basal ganglia function, causing tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. This is the core pathophysiological basis, supported by neurological evidence linking dopamine loss to Parkinson’s symptoms.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Instilling medication after cleaning the eyes is correct, as it ensures a clear surface for antibiotic absorption. This does not contribute to infection persistence but supports treatment efficacy. The issue lies with warm compresses, which may exacerbate bacterial growth, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Washing hands with antibacterial soap before and after eye care prevents contamination and supports infection control. This practice reduces infection spread, not persistence. Prolonged warm compresses, which promote bacterial proliferation, are the issue, making hand hygiene an incorrect contributor to the infection’s persistence.

Choice C reason: Applying warm compresses for several hours creates a moist, warm environment that may promote bacterial growth, potentially worsening conjunctivitis despite antibiotics. Brief compresses can soothe, but prolonged use counteracts treatment, aligning with microbiological evidence that warmth fosters bacterial persistence in ocular infections.

Choice D reason: Wiping secretions downward and outward from the inner canthus prevents contamination of the unaffected eye, supporting infection control. This does not contribute to infection persistence. Prolonged warm compresses are the likely cause, as they create conditions favoring bacterial growth, making this choice incorrect.

A. Inflammation causes spasms of the gland. B. Abnormal growth results in loss of bladder muscle. C. Nerve compression decreases the sensation that the bladder is full. D. The enlarged gland compresses the urethra.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Inflammation may occur in prostatitis, not typically in BPH. BPH causes urinary retention via physical obstruction from gland enlargement, not spasms. Inflammation is not the primary mechanism, making this incorrect for explaining why BPH leads to retention in the client’s urinary symptoms.

Choice B reason: Abnormal growth in BPH does not cause loss of bladder muscle. The enlarged prostate compresses the urethra, obstructing urine flow. Bladder muscle may weaken over time from chronic obstruction, but this is secondary, making this incorrect for the primary cause of urinary retention.

Choice C reason: Nerve compression is not a primary BPH mechanism. BPH causes retention by mechanically obstructing the urethra, not by impairing bladder sensation. Sensory changes may occur in neurological conditions, but in BPH, physical compression is the cause, making this incorrect for the client’s retention.

Choice D reason: BPH causes the prostate to enlarge, compressing the urethra and obstructing urine flow, leading to urinary retention. This mechanical blockage is the primary pathophysiological mechanism, causing symptoms like hesitancy or incomplete voiding. This explanation aligns with urological evidence, accurately addressing the client’s condition.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Which is the pathophysiological basis for Parkinson’s disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When explanation should the nurse give to a male client on why benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often causes urinary retention?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client’s skin and notices a raised nodule on the right forearm that is tender and filled with purulent secretions. The healthcare provider (HCP) diagnosed the abscess as a furuncle. Which pathological etiology places the client at risk for the development of a furuncle?

Which type of leukemia can be successfully treated by chemotherapy resulting in suppression, but not complete remission?

An older adult client with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department (ED) with a respiratory infection. The nurse recognizes that the client is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) as a result of which process?

Which structures other than the skin are considered to be the “first line” of defense in humans?

The nurse is explaining to a client the reasons why a burn wound becomes infected. Which reason(s) should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

A client who is overweight, smokes, and is a continually tense individual is admitted to the hospital for chest pain. The laboratory results reported to the nurse suggest a diagnosis of angina due to atherosclerosis. Which result is consistent with this diagnosis?

Which type of lipoprotein has been associated with decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis?

The parents of a child newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) are concerned about the secretions and respiratory issues their child is experiencing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to respond to the parents?