Which mineral is most critical for bone hardness and strength?
Iron
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
The Correct Answer is D
A. Iron: Iron is essential for hemoglobin and oxygen transport, not a primary structural bone mineral.
B. Sodium: Sodium is an extracellular electrolyte important for fluid balance and nerve function, not bone hardness.
C. Potassium: Potassium is an intracellular electrolyte important for cell function, not the main bone mineral.
D. Calcium: Calcium (along with phosphate in hydroxyapatite) is the primary mineral that gives bone its hardness and compressive strength.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Normal joint function:Crepitus is not typically a sign of a normally functioning joint and usually indicates an underlying change in joint surfaces.
B. Inflammation of the synovial membrane:Synovial inflammation (synovitis) can cause pain and swelling but crepitus more specifically implies mechanical roughness rather than inflammation alone.
C. Presence of air in the joint space:Air in a joint (pneumarthrosis) is uncommon and would not be the usual explanation for the grinding or crackling sensation felt as crepitus.
D. Degeneration of joint structures:Crepitus often reflects irregular or roughened articular surfaces from wear or degeneration (for example osteoarthritis) producing a grating sensation during movement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Fibromyalgia:Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue, not a primary disorder of the neuromuscular junction.
B. Muscular dystrophy:Muscular dystrophy represents genetic disorders causing progressive muscle fiber degeneration rather than a problem at the neuromuscular junction.
C. Polymyositis:Polymyositis is an inflammatory myopathy causing proximal muscle weakness due to muscle inflammation, not a junctional transmission defect.
D. Myasthenia gravis:Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that impairs acetylcholine receptor function at the neuromuscular junction, producing fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability.
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