Which NSAID is commonly used for mild to moderate pain management and requires monitoring for potential gastrointestinal bleeding?

Hydrocodone

Ketorolac

Morphine

Fentanyl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Hydrocodone is an opioid analgesic, not an NSAID. While effective for moderate to severe pain, it carries risks such as respiratory depression, dependence, and constipation. It does not cause gastrointestinal bleeding in the same way NSAIDs do.

Choice B reason: Ketorolac is a potent NSAID used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain, often postoperatively. It is associated with a significant risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, especially when used beyond the recommended duration (typically no more than 5 days). It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, which compromises gastric mucosal protection, making monitoring essential.

Choice C reason: Morphine is a strong opioid analgesic used for severe pain. It does not belong to the NSAID class and does not pose a direct risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. Its adverse effects are more related to sedation, respiratory depression, and constipation.

Choice D reason: Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid used for severe pain, particularly in chronic or cancer-related cases. It is not an NSAID and does not cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Its risks include profound respiratory depression and overdose potential.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia by promoting potassium excretion through the gastrointestinal tract. A potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L is above the normal range (3.5–5.0 mEq/L) and poses a risk for cardiac dysrhythmias. This intervention helps lower serum potassium safely.

Choice B reason: Initiating an IV potassium infusion would worsen hyperkalemia and is contraindicated. Potassium infusions are used to treat hypokalemia, not elevated potassium levels.

Choice C reason: Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, retain potassium and would exacerbate hyperkalemia. They are contraindicated in this situation.

Choice D reason: Bananas are high in potassium and should be avoided in clients with hyperkalemia. Encouraging their consumption would increase serum potassium further and increase the risk of cardiac complications.

A. Diabetes mellitus B. COPD C. Anemia D. Osteoporosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for urinary tract infections. Hyperglycemia can impair immune function and promote bacterial growth in the urinary tract. Additionally, diabetic neuropathy may lead to incomplete bladder emptying, increasing the risk of infection. Patients with diabetes often experience recurrent UTIs due to these physiological changes and compromised host defenses.

Choice B reason: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily affects the respiratory system and is not directly associated with increased risk for UTIs. While systemic inflammation and steroid use in COPD may slightly increase infection susceptibility, it is not considered a primary risk factor for UTIs.

Choice C reason: Anemia, although indicative of underlying health issues, is not a direct risk factor for UTIs. It may coexist with infections due to chronic disease or nutritional deficiencies, but it does not contribute to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.

Choice D reason: Osteoporosis affects bone density and is unrelated to urinary tract health. It does not impair immune function or urinary elimination, and therefore is not considered a risk factor for UTIs.

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Which NSAID is commonly used for mild to moderate pain management and requires monitoring for potential gastrointestinal bleeding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory values and discovers the client has a serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Which NSAID is commonly used for mild to moderate pain management and requires monitoring for potential gastrointestinal bleeding?