Which organs are most affected by thiamine?
The heart and lungs
The brain and heart
The liver and kidneys
The muscles and ligaments
The Correct Answer is B
A. While the heart may be affected by severe thiamine deficiency, the lungs are not directly impacted by thiamine status. Lung function is largely independent of thiamine.
B. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and energy production in cells, especially in tissues with high metabolic demands. The brain and heart are particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency because they require constant energy supply to function. Inadequate thiamine can lead to neurological disorders such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy, as well as cardiovascular complications like beriberi, which can manifest as heart failure or tachycardia.
C. The liver and kidneys play key roles in metabolism and excretion but are not the primary organs affected by thiamine deficiency. They are less sensitive to energy deficits caused by thiamine insufficiency.
D. Muscles and ligaments are involved in movement and support but are not the main organs impacted by thiamine deficiency. Muscle weakness may occur indirectly, but the primary effects are neurological and cardiac.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 100,000 calories is much larger than a kilocalorie and does not correspond to the standard energy conversion used in nutrition.
B. 100 calories is equivalent to 0.1 kilocalorie, so this is too small to define a kilocalorie.
C. 10,000 calories is also much greater than the actual equivalent of one kilocalorie.
D. One kilocalorie (kcal) is equal to 1,000 calories (cal). In nutrition, the term “calorie” commonly refers to a kilocalorie, which is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Food labels use kilocalories to quantify the energy content of foods, which helps guide dietary intake and energy balance.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The elderly and infants are at the highest risk for dehydration due to physiological factors. Infants have a higher body water content and a faster metabolism, making them more vulnerable to fluid loss during illness, fever, or hot weather. They also rely entirely on caregivers for fluid intake. Elderly adults have a reduced sense of thirst, decreased kidney function, and often take medications that affect fluid balance, which increases their susceptibility to dehydration.
B. While people with diabetes or cardiovascular disease may be at some risk for fluid imbalances, they are not universally at the highest risk for dehydration. Proper management of these conditions can reduce the likelihood of significant dehydration.
C. School-aged children are generally less vulnerable to dehydration than infants because they can communicate thirst and have more mature fluid-regulating mechanisms.
D. Athletes and adolescents can become dehydrated during intense exercise or heat exposure, but with proper hydration practices, the risk is lower compared to the physiologically vulnerable populations of infants and the elderly.
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