Which of the following antibiotics is known to cause photosensitivity?

Penicillin

Cephalosporin

Tetracycline

Vancomycin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Penicillin antibiotics, like amoxicillin, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are not associated with photosensitivity. Their side effects include allergic reactions and gastrointestinal upset. Photosensitivity requires drugs that absorb UV light, altering skin response, which is not a mechanism of penicillin’s action on bacterial peptidoglycan.

Choice B reason: Cephalosporins, similar to penicillins, target bacterial cell walls and are not commonly linked to photosensitivity. Their side effects include hypersensitivity and gastrointestinal issues. Unlike drugs that cause phototoxic reactions by absorbing UV light, cephalosporins lack chromophores that trigger skin photosensitivity, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Tetracyclines, like doxycycline, are known to cause photosensitivity by forming phototoxic compounds under UV light exposure. These compounds generate reactive oxygen species, damaging skin cells and causing exaggerated sunburn or rashes. Patients must avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen to prevent this adverse effect during therapy.

Choice D reason: Vancomycin, used for gram-positive infections, inhibits cell wall synthesis but is not associated with photosensitivity. Its primary side effects include nephrotoxicity and red man syndrome. It does not absorb UV light or form phototoxic metabolites, making it an unlikely cause of skin reactions to sunlight.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Antibiotics prescribed based on culture and sensitivity reports target specific bacterial susceptibilities, minimizing resistance. Appropriate use ensures effective bacterial killing, reducing the survival of resistant mutants. This practice aligns with antimicrobial stewardship, preventing the selection pressure that drives resistance development.

Choice B reason: Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections promotes resistance, as antibiotics do not affect viruses. Unnecessary exposure allows bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms, like beta-lactamase production, reducing future antibiotic efficacy. This misuse is a major contributor to the global rise of resistant bacterial strains.

Choice C reason: Taking antibiotics and antivirals together does not inherently cause resistance. Antibiotics target bacteria, and antivirals target viruses, with no direct interaction promoting bacterial resistance. Resistance arises from inappropriate antibiotic use, not combination with antivirals, making this situation irrelevant to resistance development.

Choice D reason: Microorganisms from foreign countries may carry resistance genes, but this describes transmission, not the mechanism of resistance development. Resistance occurs due to antibiotic misuse or overuse, not solely from geographic spread, making this less directly related to the situations causing resistance.

Choice E reason: Stopping antibiotics prematurely allows surviving bacteria to develop resistance. Incomplete treatment reduces antibiotic pressure, enabling bacteria to adapt through mutations or gene transfer, like plasmid-mediated resistance. Full-course adherence ensures bacterial eradication, preventing the emergence of resistant strains, making this a critical factor.

A. Cerebral edema B. Peptic ulcer disease C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease D. Tuberculous meningitis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Prednisone is not contraindicated in cerebral edema; it is often used to reduce swelling by decreasing inflammation and vascular permeability. Its anti-inflammatory effects stabilize the blood-brain barrier, making it beneficial in conditions like cerebral edema caused by trauma or tumors, though monitoring is required.

Choice B reason: Prednisone is contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease due to its ability to increase gastric acid secretion and reduce mucosal protection, exacerbating ulcers or causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Corticosteroids inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, weakening the gastric lining, which can lead to severe complications in patients with pre-existing ulcers.

Choice C reason: Prednisone is not contraindicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is used in acute exacerbations to reduce airway inflammation and improve symptoms. While long-term use requires caution due to systemic side effects, it is not contraindicated and is often part of COPD management protocols.

Choice D reason: Tuberculous meningitis is not an absolute contraindication for prednisone. In fact, corticosteroids like prednisone are used adjunctively with antitubercular therapy to reduce inflammation and prevent complications like hydrocephalus. Careful monitoring is needed to avoid worsening infection, but it is not contraindicated in this condition.

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Which of the following antibiotics is known to cause photosensitivity?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can occur with which situations? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed prednisone. The nurse checks the patient’s medical history knowing that this therapy is contraindicated in which disorder?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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