A patient who has been taking isoniazid has a new prescription for pyridoxine. She is wondering why she needs this medication. The nurse explains that pyridoxine is often given concurrently with isoniazid to prevent which condition?
Hair loss
Peripheral neuropathy
Heart failure
Renal failure
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hair loss is not a common side effect of isoniazid, nor is it prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid primarily causes hepatotoxicity or neurotoxicity due to its metabolism and pyridoxine depletion. Hair loss may occur with other drugs, but pyridoxine supplementation is unrelated to this effect.
Choice B reason: Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is given with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid depletes pyridoxine by forming inactive complexes, impairing nerve function and causing numbness or tingling. Supplementation restores pyridoxine levels, protecting peripheral nerves while allowing isoniazid to effectively treat tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis.
Choice C reason: Heart failure is not associated with isoniazid or prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid’s primary toxicities are hepatic and neurological. Pyridoxine supports nerve health, not cardiac function, and heart failure is more linked to drugs like anthracyclines, not antitubercular therapy.
Choice D reason: Renal failure is not a common side effect of isoniazid, nor is it prevented by pyridoxine. Isoniazid is metabolized by the liver, and its toxicities include hepatotoxicity and neuropathy. Pyridoxine addresses neurological side effects, not renal function, making this an incorrect choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Avoiding touching the eyes after applying topical acyclovir prevents autoinoculation of herpes simplex virus to the ocular region, which can cause herpes keratitis, a serious infection. The virus can transfer via contaminated hands, necessitating strict hygiene to protect sensitive areas like the eyes.
Choice B reason: Using a clean glove when applying topical acyclovir minimizes the risk of spreading herpes simplex virus to other skin areas or to others. Gloves prevent direct contact with lesions, reducing viral transmission and contamination, ensuring safe application while maintaining the drug’s antiviral efficacy.
Choice C reason: Thorough hand washing before and after applying topical acyclovir prevents viral spread to other body parts or individuals. Herpes simplex virus is highly contagious, and proper hygiene reduces transmission risk. This practice also minimizes contamination of the ointment, ensuring effective treatment of genital herpes.
Choice D reason: Applying acyclovir until the lesion stops hurting is incorrect, as treatment duration is typically fixed (e.g., 7-10 days) to ensure viral suppression. Pain reduction does not indicate complete viral clearance, and premature cessation may lead to incomplete treatment and recurrence of herpes lesions.
Choice E reason: Sharing topical acyclovir with a partner is inappropriate, as medications require individual prescriptions. Partners with lesions need medical evaluation to confirm herpes and receive appropriate dosing. Sharing risks improper use, inadequate treatment, or adverse reactions, making this instruction unsafe and incorrect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Resistance of pneumonia-causing bacteria does not cause vaginal yeast infections. Resistance reduces antibiotic efficacy against the target pathogen, but yeast infections result from disruption of vaginal flora, allowing Candida overgrowth, not from bacterial resistance in the lungs.
Choice B reason: Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, kill normal vaginal flora like Lactobacillus, which maintain an acidic environment inhibiting Candida albicans. This disruption allows yeast overgrowth, causing vaginal candidiasis, a common side effect of antibiotic therapy for infections like pneumonia, requiring antifungal treatment.
Choice C reason: Pneumonia pathogens do not spread to cause vaginal yeast infections. Candida, a fungal organism, causes yeast infections due to flora imbalance, not bacterial spread from the lungs. Pneumonia and vaginal infections have distinct etiologies, making this an incorrect cause.
Choice D reason: An allergic reaction to antibiotics may cause rashes or anaphylaxis but not vaginal yeast infections. Yeast infections result from microbial imbalance, not immune-mediated hypersensitivity. Candida overgrowth is a microbial, not allergic, response to antibiotic-induced flora disruption.
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