Which of the following are common tests ordered for patients with Trisomy 21? (Select all that apply)
Estrogen level to assess fertility
Vision and hearing screening to detect vision and hearing impairments
Spine radiographs to assess for scoliosis
Echocardiogram to detect cardiac defects
Thyroid hormone level to detect thyroid disease
Correct Answer : B,C,D
Choice A reason: Estrogen level testing is not routinely ordered for Trisomy 21 patients. While fertility concerns may arise in females with Down syndrome, estrogen levels are not a standard screening test. Common tests focus on congenital anomalies and developmental issues, such as cardiac, thyroid, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, making this choice inappropriate.
Choice B reason: Vision and hearing screenings are critical for Trisomy 21 patients due to a high prevalence of sensory impairments. Approximately 50% have hearing loss, often conductive, and 60-75% have vision issues like cataracts or refractive errors. Early detection ensures interventions to support development, making this a standard and necessary test.
Choice C reason: Spine radiographs are commonly ordered for Trisomy 21 patients to assess for scoliosis and atlantoaxial instability, which occur in about 10-15% of individuals. These musculoskeletal abnormalities can lead to neurological complications if undetected. Regular screening ensures timely intervention, making this a standard test for managing Down syndrome complications.
Choice D reason: Echocardiograms are essential for Trisomy 21 patients, as 40-50% have congenital heart defects, such as atrioventricular septal defects or ventricular septal defects. Early detection is critical to manage cardiac complications that can affect growth and survival, making this a routine test in Down syndrome care protocols.
Choice E reason: Thyroid hormone level testing is standard for Trisomy 21 patients due to a high risk of hypothyroidism (15-20% prevalence). Thyroid dysfunction can exacerbate developmental delays and metabolic issues. Regular screening ensures early treatment, but it was not selected as one of the three most common tests in this context.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["88"]
Explanation
Step 1: Calculate the total fluid volume for 24 hours.
4 mL × 16 kg × 22 = 1408 mL
Result at step 1 = 1408 mL
Step 2: Determine the fluid volume for the first 8 hours.
Half of the total volume is given over the first 8 hours.
1408 mL ÷ 2 = 704 mL
Result at step 2 = 704 mL
Step 3: Calculate the hourly rate for the first 8 hours.
704 mL ÷ 8 hours = 88 mL per hour
Final answer 88 mL per hour
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sterile distilled water dressings are not used for bladder exstrophy, as moisture can macerate the exposed bladder mucosa, increasing infection risk and tissue damage. The goal is to keep the tissue moist but protected with non-adherent materials to prevent trauma, making this an incorrect intervention.
Choice B reason: Keeping the bladder tissue dry with a dry sterile dressing is inappropriate for bladder exstrophy. Exposed mucosa requires moisture to prevent desiccation and tissue necrosis. Dry dressings can adhere to the tissue, causing trauma upon removal, making this an incorrect choice for protecting the bladder.
Choice C reason: Antibiotic-infused gauze may introduce unnecessary chemicals to the delicate bladder mucosa, risking irritation or allergic reactions. While infection prevention is important, non-adherent, sterile, moisture-retaining coverings are preferred to protect the exposed tissue without causing trauma, making this an inappropriate intervention.
Choice D reason: Non-adhering plastic wrap, such as sterile silicone or plastic film, is ideal for bladder exstrophy. It maintains a moist environment, prevents tissue desiccation, and avoids adhesion to the delicate mucosa, reducing trauma during dressing changes. This aligns with standard care to protect the exposed bladder until surgical repair.
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