Which of the following are false regarding defence mechanisms of the body?
Lymphocytes - adaptive immunity
Cell mediated immunity - non specific defence
Inflammation - non specific defence
Inflammation - innate immunity
The Correct Answer is B
A. Lymphocytes - adaptive immunity: Lymphocytes (B and T cells) are the principal cells of adaptive (specific) immunity, providing targeted responses and immunologic memory.
B. Cell mediated immunity - non specific defence: Cell-mediated immunity (T-cell responses) is a specific/adaptive defense, not a non-specific one.
C. Inflammation - non specific defence: Inflammation is part of the non-specific (innate) defense mechanisms that act broadly against injury/infection.
D. Inflammation - innate immunity: True - inflammation is a hallmark of innate immunity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aspirin: Aspirin is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory effects but it is not classically immunosuppressive.
B. Cortisone: Cortisone (a glucocorticoid) has both anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions (reduces cytokine production, lymphocyte activity, etc.).
C. Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is an NSAID (anti-inflammatory/analgesic) but not an immunosuppressant.
D. Celecoxib: Celecoxib (a COX-2 inhibitor) is anti-inflammatory but not immunosuppressive.
E. Meloxicam: Meloxicam is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory effects but does not produce the broad immunosuppression seen with glucocorticoids.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. lipids: A decrease in intracellular lipids is not the defining feature of muscular atrophy; atrophy primarily involves loss of contractile proteins and cell components rather than selective lipid loss.
B. vacuoles: Loss of vacuoles is not characteristic or diagnostic of muscle atrophy.
C. number: A decrease in cell number describes cell loss (e.g., apoptosis, necrosis), not atrophy; atrophy is a reduction in size of existing cells.
D. size: Atrophy means a decrease in cell size (reduced cytoplasmic volume, organelles, and contractile proteins) leading to smaller muscle cells.
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