Humoral immunity is mediated by which of the following?
NK cells
T cells
B cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
The Correct Answer is B
A. NK cells: Natural killer cells are innate immune effectors that kill infected or transformed cells - they are not the primary mediators of humoral (antibody) immunity.
B. T cells: T cells mediate cell-mediated immunity (cytotoxic and helper roles); helper T cells support humoral responses but they are not the direct humoral mediators.
C. B cells: B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies - humoral immunity is mediated by B cells/antibodies.
D. Macrophages: Macrophages are phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells of innate/adaptive immunity, not the main mediators of humoral antibody production.
E. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are innate phagocytic cells involved in acute inflammation, not humoral antibody production.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. creates cross-sectional images by the use of x-ray technology and a computer: A CT (computed tomography) scan uses x-rays taken from many angles and a computer to reconstruct cross-sectional (axial) images.
B. uses radioactive substances to produce an x-ray image: This describes nuclear medicine techniques (e.g., PET or bone scan) that use radiotracers - not a CT.
C. gives vertical front to back images of the body organs: “Front to back” (coronal) or “vertical” views can be reconstructed from CT data, but CT is best described as producing cross-sectional (axial) images.
D. magnetic field and radio waves are used to create an image: This describes MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), not CT.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Formation of granulomas: Granuloma formation is a feature of chronic inflammation (organized collection of macrophages), not a routine step in the acute inflammatory response. (Not a step.)
B. Release of histamine: Histamine release (from mast cells, basophils) is an early mediator in acute inflammation causing vasodilation and increased permeability.
C. Arteriole dilation: Arteriolar (and precapillary) dilation is a vascular change in acute inflammation that increases blood flow (redness, heat).
D. Increase blood flow: Increased blood flow (hyperemia) is a hallmark vascular feature of acute inflammation producing warmth and redness.
E. Phagocytosis: Phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages is a key cellular event in acute inflammation to remove microbes/debris.
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