Which of the following clients has a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?
William, who exercises three times a week
Samantha, who has a family history of osteoporosis
Juanita, who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day
Tori, who is postmenopausal at age 40
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: William, who exercises three times a week, does not have a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Exercise is actually beneficial for bone health, as it stimulates bone formation and reduces bone loss. Exercise also improves muscle strength, balance, and coordination, which can prevent falls and fractures.
Choice B reason: Samantha, who has a family history of osteoporosis, does not have a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Family history is a genetic factor that cannot be changed or controlled. Having a parent or sibling with osteoporosis increases the risk of developing the condition, especially if they have had a fracture.
Choice C reason: Juanita, who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, has a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Smoking is a lifestyle factor that can be changed or controlled. Smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis by reducing the blood supply to the bones, decreasing the absorption of calcium, and lowering the levels of estrogen, which protects the bones.
Choice D reason: Tori, who is postmenopausal at age 40, does not have a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Menopause is a natural process that occurs when the ovaries stop producing estrogen, which leads to bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Menopause cannot be prevented or reversed, but its effects on bone health can be managed with hormone therapy, calcium, and vitamin D supplements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: A teacher who notices a mole change but doesn't have time to see a dermatologist is not in a state of wellness. A mole change could indicate skin cancer, which is a serious health problem that requires prompt medical attention. Ignoring or delaying the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer could compromise the teacher's physical and emotional well-being.
Choice B reason: A fitness trainer who is struggling to cope with the death of her mother is not in a state of wellness. The death of a loved one is a major life stressor that can affect the fitness trainer's mental and emotional health. Grieving is a normal and healthy process, but it can also interfere with the fitness trainer's daily functioning and quality of life. The fitness trainer may need professional help or support from family and friends to cope with the loss.
Choice C reason: A hospice client who is comfortable and at peace with dying is in a state of wellness. Wellness is not only the absence of disease, but also the presence of positive health behaviors and attitudes. A hospice client who is comfortable and at peace with dying has accepted the reality of their condition and has made peace with themselves and others. The hospice client may also receive palliative care, which aims to relieve pain and suffering and improve the quality of life for terminally ill patients and their families.
Choice D reason: A type 1 diabetic who gives himself extra insulin so he can eat cookies is not in a state of wellness. A type 1 diabetic who gives himself extra insulin so he can eat cookies is engaging in unhealthy and risky behavior that could harm his physical health. Extra insulin could cause hypoglycemia, which is a condition where the blood sugar level drops too low and can lead to seizures, coma, or death. Eating cookies could also increase the blood sugar level and contribute to complications such as nerve damage, kidney damage, or cardiovascular disease. A type 1 diabetic who wants to eat cookies should follow a balanced diet and monitor his blood sugar level regularly.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer because offering to notify the health care provider after morning rounds are completed is not the first action that the critically thinking nurse should take. The nurse should act promptly and advocate for the patient's pain management needs, rather than delaying the communication with the health care provider.
Choice B reason: This is the correct answer because exploring other options for pain relief is the first action that the critically thinking nurse should take. The nurse should assess the patient's pain level, location, quality, and contributing factors, and use a multimodal approach to pain management that includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as ice, heat, distraction, relaxation, or massage.
Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer because discussing the surgical procedure and reason for the pain is not the first action that the critically thinking nurse should take. The nurse should focus on alleviating the patient's pain, rather than educating the patient about the surgery. The nurse can provide information and reassurance to the patient after the pain is controlled.
Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer because explaining to the patient that nothing else has been ordered is not the first action that the critically thinking nurse should take. The nurse should not dismiss the patient's pain or imply that the patient has no other options for pain relief. The nurse should collaborate with the patient and the health care provider to find the best pain management plan for the patient.
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