Which of the following clients is at risk of developing acute kidney injury from a post-renal cause?

A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of untreated chronic kidney disease?

A 78-year-old male client presents to the emergency department complaining of a history of urinary frequency and a weak urinary stream. Today he complains of extreme pain in the pelvic area. The client urinates 50 mL, and an immediate bladder scan shows a post-void residual urine measurement of 600 mL. The nurse recognizes these symptoms are most likely related to which condition?

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. Which of the following medications removes excess potassium from the body?

A female client has undergone surgery to remove a large struvite kidney stone. Based on the cause of struvite stones, which medication therapy should the nurse anticipate will be ordered to prevent recurrence of the stones?

A 53-year-old male client who has no prior medical history and takes no medications is in a primary care provider's office for a routine physical. The client states that he has not seen a doctor in "about five years." The client's blood pressure is at the appointment is 157/92 mmHg and his fasting blood glucose is 83 mg/dL. Based on recent lab results, the provider determines that the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 54 mL/min. The provider diagnoses the client with stage 3a chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on these findings, which medication should the clinic nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client?

A client has had recurrent kidney stones. Upon lab analysis of the client's urine, it is found that excessive purine intake is the underlying cause. Which of the following high-purine foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

A nurse is caring for a client who recently had a streptococcal infection of the throat, and is now experiencing new-onset flank pain. Urinalysis is positive for proteinuria and hematuria. The client's urine output for the past 24 hours has been 250 mL, and BUN and creatinine are elevated. On assessment, the nurse notes pitting edema to the bilateral lower extremities. Which of the following interventions is appropriate in the plan of care?

A client with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been on hemodialysis for 3 years. The client chooses to discontinue dialysis, and to begin receiving hospice services at home with day-to-day care provided by family members. The hospice nurse performs an assessment on the client 7 days after the client last received a dialysis treatment. Which assessment finding would not be expected for this client?

A client who received a kidney transplant last month is in the nephrology clinic for a follow-up visit. Which education should the nurse provide to the client regarding complications which can arise after a kidney transplant?

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing acute kidney injury. The client is found to have a significant change in mental status, is lethargic, and confused. The nurse auscultates crackles in the client's lungs. Upon reviewing labs, it is noted that the client's BUN is 140 mg/dL and the potassium is 6.7 mEq/L. Which treatment will the nurse anticipate to be ordered for a client with these findings?