Which of the following criteria must be met for a seizure to be classified as a febrile seizure?
Occurs with a temperature less than 38°C.
Occurs with a temperature greater than 38°C in a child 6 months to 5 years of age.
Occurs in a child older than 6 years.
Occurs with a central nervous system infection.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
A febrile seizure, by definition, is precipitated by a fever, which must be above the normal body temperature threshold. The current clinical standard requires the temperature to be ≥ 38°C (≥ 100.4°F), thus a temperature less than 38°C would exclude a diagnosis of a febrile seizure, irrespective of other factors.
Choice B rationale
The core criteria for a simple febrile seizure include an associated fever of ≥ 38°C, occurring in a child typically between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, without a history of a central nervous system infection or a previous afebrile seizure. This age range reflects the peak neuronal excitability combined with the frequent occurrence of common childhood viral illnesses that trigger fever.
Choice C rationale
Febrile seizures rarely occur in children older than 6 years because the central nervous system (CNS) has generally matured sufficiently, making the developing brain less susceptible to the effects of fever-induced hyperexcitability. Seizures occurring after this age, even with a fever, warrant a thorough workup for other underlying causes, as they are atypical for a simple febrile seizure.
Choice D rationale
A seizure occurring in the context of a central nervous system infection (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis) is classified as a seizure secondary to infection or symptomatic seizure, not a simple febrile seizure. The defining characteristic of a simple febrile seizure is the absence of an underlying CNS structural abnormality or infection as the cause of the seizure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["73.1"]
Explanation
Step 1 is: Calculate the total daily fluid requirement using the Holliday-Segar formula. The child weighs 32.7 kg. For the first 10 kg: 10 kg× 100 mL/kg = 1000 mL. For the next 10 kg (from 10.1 kg to 20 kg): 10 kg× 50 mL/kg = 500 mL. For the remaining weight: 32.7 kg - 20 kg = 12.7 kg. Remaining weight fluid: 12.7 kg× 20 mL/kg = 254 mL. Total daily fluid requirement: 1000 mL + 500 mL + 254 mL = 1754 mL.
Step 2 is: Calculate the infusion rate in milliliters per hour (mL/hr). Rate = Total fluid÷Total hours. Rate = 1754 mL÷ 24 hr = 73.0833… mL/hr.
Step 3 is: Round the answer to the nearest tenth. 73.1 mL/hr. The infusion rate is 73.1 mL/hr.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An oxygen saturation of 88.
Choice B rationale
Bounding peripheral pulses are a classic finding in Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) due to the wide pulse pressure, which results from the run-off of blood from the aorta back into the pulmonary artery during diastole. This finding supports the diagnosis but is not typically the most concerning indicator of impending decompensation.
Choice C rationale
The machinery-like murmur is the pathognomonic sign of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus, caused by continuous blood flow from the high-pressure aorta to the low-pressure pulmonary artery. This is an expected diagnostic finding for PDA, confirming the presence of the defect, but it is not an indicator of acute distress.
Choice D rationale
A respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute in a 2-month-old infant is a significant indicator of tachypnea and potential respiratory distress, likely due to pulmonary overcirculation and the resulting congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by the PDA. This elevated rate signals a critical effort to compensate for decreased pulmonary compliance and is the most immediate concern.
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