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Which of the following describes a feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

A.

Negative feedback from insulin inhibits GH release from the anterior pituitary.

B.

Positive feedback from cortisol increases CRH release from the hypothalamus.

C.

Positive feedback from aldosterone increases ACTH release from the anterior pituitary.

D.

Negative feedback from thyroid hormones inhibits TRH release from the hypothalamus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Negative feedback from insulin inhibits GH release from the anterior pituitary.: Insulin does not play a primary role in negative feedback on growth hormone release; GH regulation involves GHRH, somatostatin, and IGF-1 feedback.
B. Positive feedback from cortisol increases CRH release from the hypothalamus.: Cortisol typically exerts negative feedback on CRH (and ACTH) release, reducing hypothalamic CRH secretion rather than increasing it.
C. Positive feedback from aldosterone increases ACTH release from the anterior pituitary.: Aldosterone secretion is primarily regulated by the renin–angiotensin system and potassium levels, and aldosterone does not typically provide positive feedback to increase ACTH.
D. Negative feedback from thyroid hormones inhibits TRH release from the hypothalamus.: Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) exert negative feedback on both the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, decreasing TRH and TSH secretion respectively.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Parathyroid gland:The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), the principal hormone that raises blood calcium by increasing bone resorption, renal calcium reabsorption, and activation of vitamin D.
B. Thyroid gland:The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism (thyroid hormones) and secretes calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium but plays a lesser role than PTH in everyday calcium regulation.
C. Pituitary gland:The pituitary regulates many endocrine glands via trophic hormones but does not directly control minute-to-minute calcium regulation.
D. Adrenal gland:The adrenal glands regulate stress responses, salt balance (aldosterone), and metabolism (cortisol), but not primary calcium homeostasis.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Oxytocin:Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary, not the anterior pituitary.
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH):ADH (vasopressin) is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary, so it is not secreted by the anterior pituitary.
C. Cortisol:Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH from the anterior pituitary; the anterior pituitary does not secrete cortisol itself.
D. Growth hormone (GH):Growth hormone is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary and acts on many tissues to promote growth and metabolism.

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