Which of the following information should the nurse include when providing teaching to an antepartum client with a new diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)?

Choice A reason: Detecting congenital anomalies at 10 weeks via ultrasound is limited, as major anomalies are better assessed at 18-20 weeks when fetal structures are more developed. Early ultrasound primarily confirms viability and gestational age. While some anomalies may be seen, it is not the primary purpose at this stage, per obstetric imaging protocols.

Choice B reason: An ultrasound at 10 weeks accurately determines gestational age by measuring crown-rump length, enabling calculation of the expected delivery date. This measurement reflects embryonic development and is most precise in the first trimester, aligning with fetal growth patterns and supporting obstetric planning for pregnancy monitoring and delivery timing.

Choice C reason: Assessing amniotic fluid volume at 10 weeks is not the primary focus of ultrasound, as fluid levels are typically evaluated later (second trimester) when oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios become relevant. Early ultrasound prioritizes viability and dating, as amniotic fluid dynamics are less critical at this stage of embryonic development.

Choice D reason: Determining the biological sex of the fetus at 10 weeks is not feasible with standard ultrasound, as genital differentiation is clearer after 12-14 weeks or later. Early ultrasound focuses on gestational age and viability, not sex, which requires advanced imaging or genetic testing, per fetal development and imaging science.

Choice A reason: Consuming 27 mg of iron daily meets pregnancy requirements, supporting hemoglobin synthesis and preventing anemia. Iron deficiency increases risks of preterm birth or low birth weight, but adequate intake promotes maternal and fetal oxygenation. This level aligns with nutritional guidelines, reducing high-risk pregnancy complications, per hematological studies.

Choice B reason: Consuming 400 mcg of folate daily is recommended to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. Folate supports DNA synthesis and cell division, critical for early embryonic development. Adequate folate intake reduces congenital anomaly risks, making it a protective factor, not a contributor to high-risk pregnancy, per nutritional science.

Choice C reason: Consuming 300 mg of caffeine daily increases high-risk pregnancy risks, as caffeine crosses the placenta, potentially reducing fetal growth and increasing miscarriage or preterm birth risks. It constricts placental blood vessels, impairing nutrient and oxygen delivery. Studies link excessive caffeine to adverse perinatal outcomes, necessitating moderation to ensure fetal safety.

Choice D reason: Consuming 3 L of water daily supports hydration, critical for amniotic fluid maintenance and maternal circulation in pregnancy. Adequate hydration prevents complications like oligohydramnios or preterm labor. This intake aligns with physiological needs, reducing high-risk pregnancy factors by supporting renal and placental function, per obstetric hydration guidelines.