Which of the following is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Chronic pyelonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is a common cause of chronic kidney disease. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to work properly.
Choice B rationale
Chronic pyelonephritis, a type of urinary tract infection that reaches the kidneys, can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it’s not as common a cause as hypertension.
Choice C rationale
Glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli), can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it’s not as common a cause as hypertension.
Choice D rationale
Polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys, can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it’s not as common a cause as hypertension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A deficit of parathyroid hormone would not cause dwarfism, but it could lead to hypoparathyroidism, which can cause muscle cramps or spasms due to low levels of calcium in the blood.
Choice B rationale
Excessive levels of insulin could lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), not dwarfism.
Choice C rationale
Excessive levels of somatotropin (GH) would not cause dwarfism. Instead, it could lead to gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults.
Choice D rationale
A deficit of somatotropin (GH) could indeed cause dwarfism. Somatotropin, also known as growth hormone, is essential for growth and development. A deficiency can result in short stature.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An insufficient amount of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) would lead to hypothyroidism, not Addison’s disease.
Choice B rationale
Decreased levels of all the adrenocortical hormones could lead to various symptoms, but the most severe manifestations of Addison’s disease are specifically caused by an insufficient amount of circulating cortisol.
Choice C rationale
Deficiencies in the renin-angiotensin system could affect blood pressure regulation, but they would not cause the most severe manifestations of Addison’s disease.
Choice D rationale
An insufficient amount of circulating cortisol is indeed what causes the most severe manifestations of Addison’s disease. Cortisol is a hormone that helps your body respond to stress, including the stress of illness, injury or surgery. It also helps maintain your blood pressure, heart function, immune system and blood glucose (sugar) levels.
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