Which of the following is not a cause of high-output heart failure?

Hypertension

Severe anemia

Sepsis

Hyperthyroidism

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypertension: This is not a cause of high-output heart failure. Hypertension typically leads to low-output heart failure due to increased afterload, which causes the heart to work harder.

B. Severe anemia: Severe anemia causes high-output heart failure because the body compensates for the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity by increasing cardiac output.

C. Sepsis: Sepsis can lead to high-output heart failure as the body attempts to maintain perfusion in the face of widespread vasodilation.

D. Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic demands, which can cause high-output heart failure as the heart attempts to meet the increased needs.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Administer a stat fluid challenge: This might temporarily improve cardiac output in tamponade, but it is not the primary intervention. The fluid challenge may be used as a temporary measure, but it does not address the underlying cause.

B. Place the patient in a prone position: This is incorrect and could worsen the patient's condition. The patient should be in a semi-recumbent position to decrease venous return and reduce pressure on the heart.

C. Draw a stat CBC: A CBC is not relevant to the immediate management of cardiac tamponade and does not address the urgent need to relieve the pressure on the heart.

D. Perform a stat pericardiocentesis: Pericardiocentesis is the definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade, as it removes the fluid from the pericardial space, relieving the pressure on the heart and allowing it to function properly.

A. “Your liver cannot manufacture bile." B. "Your pancreas is no longer able to manufacture insulin." C. "Your gall bladder is not contracting properly." D. "A gallstone can prevent bile from flowing into the Intestines."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Your liver cannot manufacture bile": The liver can still manufacture bile, but the problem lies in bile flow, not production.

B. "Your pancreas is no longer able to manufacture insulin": This statement refers to diabetes, not cholelithiasis.

C. "Your gall bladder is not contracting properly": While gallbladder dysfunction can cause pain, jaundice specifically occurs due to bile flow obstruction, not just poor contraction.

D. "A gallstone can prevent bile from flowing into the intestines": Gallstones can obstruct the bile ducts, leading to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood, which manifests as jaundice.

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Which of the following is not a cause of high-output heart failure?

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