Which of the following is NOT correct about the characteristics of sickle cell anemia?
It is an inherited, autosomal recessive condition.
It is caused by mutations in the beta globin gene.
The deformed shape of the hemoglobin molecule leads to bone infection and necrosis.
Patients with sickle cell anemia are drug seeking and do not experience actual pain.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Sickle cell anemia is indeed inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Individuals must inherit two copies of the mutated beta globin gene (one from each parent) to manifest the disease. Carriers with one copy are typically asymptomatic but may pass the gene to offspring.
Choice B reason: The condition results from a point mutation in the beta globin gene, specifically a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position. This leads to the production of hemoglobin S, which polymerizes under low oxygen conditions, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape.
Choice C reason: The sickled red blood cells can obstruct small blood vessels, leading to ischemia and infarction in various tissues, including bones. This can predispose patients to osteomyelitis and bone necrosis, particularly in long bones. Thus, this statement is accurate.
Choice D reason: This statement is false and stigmatizing. Patients with sickle cell anemia experience real and often severe pain due to vaso-occlusive crises. Labeling them as drug-seeking undermines their legitimate need for pain management and contributes to healthcare disparities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Extreme blood loss is characteristic of hypovolemic shock, not septic shock. Hypovolemic shock results from a significant reduction in circulating blood volume due to hemorrhage or fluid loss, but it does not involve the immune-mediated cascade seen in sepsis.
Choice B reason: Septic shock is caused by an overwhelming infection that triggers a dysregulated host response, leading to widespread inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vasodilation, and impaired tissue perfusion. This cascade is driven by microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) binding to toll-like receptors, which activate cytokines like TNF and IL-1, resulting in systemic effects including hypotension and multi-organ dysfunction.
Choice C reason: Acute allergic reactions can lead to anaphylactic shock, which is mediated by IgE and histamine release, not by infectious agents. While both involve vasodilation and hypotension, the underlying mechanisms are distinct.
Choice D reason: Injury to the myocardium is a hallmark of cardiogenic shock, which results from impaired cardiac output due to myocardial infarction or arrhythmias. It does not explain the immune and vascular phenomena seen in septic shock.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Psoriasis vulgaris is the most common form of psoriasis and typically affects the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. While it can affect the trunk, it is more chronic and less likely to be triggered by a recent infection.
Choice B reason: Generalized pustular psoriasis is a severe and rare form of psoriasis that presents with widespread pustules and systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise. The boy’s presentation lacks pustules and systemic toxicity.
Choice C reason: Guttate psoriasis is characterized by small, drop-like erythematous plaques that often appear suddenly on the trunk and proximal extremities. It is commonly triggered by a recent group A Streptococcal infection, such as tonsillitis. This matches the boy’s history and clinical findings.
Choice D reason: Inverse psoriasis affects intertriginous areas such as the axillae, groin, and under the breasts. It presents with smooth, shiny lesions and is not typically triggered by streptococcal infections. The trunk distribution and recent tonsillitis make this diagnosis unlikely.
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