Which of the following is NOT correct about the characteristics of sickle cell anemia?
It is an inherited, autosomal recessive condition.
It is caused by mutations in the beta globin gene.
The deformed shape of the hemoglobin molecule leads to bone infection and necrosis.
Patients with sickle cell anemia are drug seeking and do not experience actual pain.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Sickle cell anemia is indeed inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Individuals must inherit two copies of the mutated beta globin gene (one from each parent) to manifest the disease. Carriers with one copy are typically asymptomatic but may pass the gene to offspring.
Choice B reason: The condition results from a point mutation in the beta globin gene, specifically a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position. This leads to the production of hemoglobin S, which polymerizes under low oxygen conditions, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape.
Choice C reason: The sickled red blood cells can obstruct small blood vessels, leading to ischemia and infarction in various tissues, including bones. This can predispose patients to osteomyelitis and bone necrosis, particularly in long bones. Thus, this statement is accurate.
Choice D reason: This statement is false and stigmatizing. Patients with sickle cell anemia experience real and often severe pain due to vaso-occlusive crises. Labeling them as drug-seeking undermines their legitimate need for pain management and contributes to healthcare disparities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypersomnolence disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least seven hours. It typically involves prolonged sleep episodes or recurrent daytime naps that are not refreshing. However, it does not include sudden muscle weakness or episodes of “zoning out” with preserved awareness. The presence of cataplexy-like symptoms in this case makes hypersomnolence less likely.
Choice B reason: Sleep inertia refers to the transitional state of grogginess and impaired performance immediately after waking. It does not involve sudden sleep episodes during the day or muscle weakness triggered by emotions. The student’s symptoms are not limited to waking periods but occur throughout the day, making sleep inertia an incorrect diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involve misalignment between the internal circadian clock and the external environment, leading to insomnia or excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times. However, these disorders do not typically include cataplexy-like symptoms or sudden sleep attacks. The episodic muscle weakness and daytime sleep episodes described here are not consistent with circadian rhythm disorders.
Choice D reason: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, and cataplexy—brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions. The student’s symptoms of falling asleep in class, zoning out, and experiencing muscle weakness without sleep are classic signs of narcolepsy, particularly type 1, which includes cataplexy. This diagnosis best fits the clinical picture.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus, not type 1. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is not resistance to insulin but rather a lack of insulin production due to destruction of beta cells.
Choice B reason: Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single genetic mutation nor is it inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. While genetic predisposition plays a role, it involves multiple genes and environmental triggers leading to autoimmune destruction.
Choice C reason: Secondary diabetes can result from pancreatic diseases, hormonal disorders, or medications, but this is classified as type 3c diabetes or drug-induced diabetes. It is not the mechanism underlying classic type 1 diabetes.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to absolute insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and in severe cases, diabetic ketoacidosis.
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