A 29-year-old nulligravid woman presents to the nurse practitioner with a chief concern of a lump in her breast. On clinical exam, the NP detects a 2 cm x 1 cm nontender, smooth, round, rubbery, mobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of the patient’s right breast. The NP understands this mass is most likely which of the following?
Carcinoma
Clogged duct
Fibroadenoma
Duct ectasia
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Carcinomas are typically hard, irregular, immobile, and may be associated with skin changes or nipple retraction. While breast cancer must always be ruled out, the described mass lacks the suspicious features of malignancy.
Choice B reason: A clogged duct is usually painful and associated with lactation. It presents as a tender, localized area of swelling and is not typically rubbery or mobile. This patient is nulligravid and not lactating, making this diagnosis unlikely.
Choice C reason: Fibroadenomas are common benign breast tumors in young women. They are typically smooth, round, rubbery, mobile, and nontender. The location in the upper outer quadrant and the described characteristics strongly suggest a fibroadenoma.
Choice D reason: Duct ectasia involves dilation of the milk ducts and may present with nipple discharge, tenderness, or inflammation. It is more common in older women and does not typically present as a discrete, mobile mass.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: LABAs do improve lung function and quality of life when used appropriately, but this statement does not address the safety concerns of monotherapy. LABAs must be combined with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to mitigate risks.
Choice B reason: LABAs are indeed recommended at step 3 of asthma management guidelines, but only in combination with ICS. Monotherapy with LABAs is contraindicated due to safety concerns.
Choice C reason: Monotherapy with LABAs has been associated with an increased risk of asthma-related deaths. This risk is mitigated when LABAs are used in combination with ICS, which address the underlying inflammation. Therefore, LABA monotherapy is not recommended.
Choice D reason: LABAs are not used for rescue therapy. Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs), such as albuterol, are the standard rescue medications for acute asthma symptoms. LABAs are used for maintenance therapy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered first-line pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis. They reduce inflammation and pain by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, improving joint function and quality of life.
Choice B reason: Corticosteroids may be used in intra-articular injections for moderate to severe OA with localized inflammation, but they are not first-line systemic therapy due to side effects and limited long-term efficacy.
Choice C reason: Duloxetine is approved for chronic musculoskeletal pain and may be used in OA patients with comorbid depression or central sensitization, but it is not first-line for isolated OA.
Choice D reason: Opioids are reserved for severe pain unresponsive to other treatments due to their risk of dependence, sedation, and other adverse effects. They are not recommended as first-line therapy.
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