Which of the following neurochemical influences is a probable cause of substance abuse?
Stimulation of dopamine pathways in the brain.
Excessive serotonin activity in the central nervous system.
Inhibition of GABA in the brain.
Imbalances of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Substance abuse is strongly linked to stimulation of dopamine pathways, particularly in the brain’s reward system. Drugs of abuse increase dopamine release or block its reuptake, reinforcing pleasurable sensations and driving compulsive use.
Choice B reason: Excessive serotonin activity is associated with serotonin syndrome or certain psychiatric conditions, but it is not the primary mechanism of substance abuse.
Choice C reason: Inhibition of GABA can contribute to anxiety or seizures, but substance abuse is more directly tied to dopamine reinforcement rather than GABA inhibition.
Choice D reason: Imbalances of serotonin and norepinephrine are implicated in mood disorders such as depression, not substance abuse.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:This is incorrect because it assumes manipulation and could damage rapport. It is not therapeutic communication.
Choice B reason:This is inappropriate because it crosses professional boundaries and introduces personal feelings into the nurse-client relationship.
Choice C reason:This is dismissive and invalidates the client’s statement, which could discourage further communication.
Choice D reason:This is correct because the client’s statement may indicate suicidal ideation or a desire to be remembered after death. The nurse must directly assess for suicide risk to ensure safety.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Paranoid personality disorder is defined by a pervasive pattern of distrust and suspicion of others. Individuals with this disorder often interpret others’ motives as malevolent, are hypervigilant, and may hold grudges. They frequently misinterpret benign remarks or actions as threatening, which aligns directly with the description in the question.
Choice B reason: Dependent personality disorder is characterized by excessive reliance on others for emotional support and decision-making. These individuals fear abandonment and struggle with self-confidence. While dependency is a hallmark, mistrust and suspicion are not features of this disorder, making it incorrect in this context.
Choice C reason: Schizoid personality disorder involves detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression. Individuals with this disorder prefer solitary activities and show little interest in forming close relationships. Although they are socially withdrawn, they are not typically suspicious or mistrustful of others, so this does not match the question.
Choice D reason: Histrionic personality disorder is marked by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Individuals often display dramatic, theatrical expressions and seek approval from others. Suspiciousness and pervasive mistrust are not characteristics of this disorder, making it an incorrect choice.
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