Which of the following statements best describes the pathophysiologic rationale for shock?
Circulating blood volume is decreased.
Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients.
Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma.
Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Circulating blood volume is decreased – This is true specifically in hypovolemic shock, but it does not apply to all types of shock (e.g., septic or cardiogenic shock).
B. Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients – This is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the pathophysiology of shock. Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoperfusion, regardless of the underlying cause.
C. Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma – While hemorrhage can cause hypovolemic shock, it is not the universal cause of all types of shock.
D. Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body – The opposite is true in shock: blood is typically shunted away from peripheral tissues to preserve perfusion to vital organs like the brain and heart.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Taking a diuretic before sleep can lead to nocturia (frequent urination at night), disrupting sleep. Also, fluid intake may need to be restricted, not encouraged.
B. Clients with heart failure are usually advised to limit sodium to 2 grams or less per day, not 4 grams, to help reduce fluid retention.
C. Naproxen (a NSAID) is not recommended for clients with heart failure as it can cause fluid retention and worsen the condition.
D. Slowing down when tired after exercise shows an understanding of energy conservation and pacing—appropriate for managing heart failure symptoms. This indicates that teaching was effective.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Circulating blood volume is decreased – This is true specifically in hypovolemic shock, but it does not apply to all types of shock (e.g., septic or cardiogenic shock).
B. Cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients – This is the most accurate and comprehensive description of the pathophysiology of shock. Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoperfusion, regardless of the underlying cause.
C. Hemorrhage occurs as a result of trauma – While hemorrhage can cause hypovolemic shock, it is not the universal cause of all types of shock.
D. Blood is shunted from vital organs to peripheral areas of the body – The opposite is true in shock: blood is typically shunted away from peripheral tissues to preserve perfusion to vital organs like the brain and heart.
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