Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning metabolism?
Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy.
Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules.
Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of a cell (or organism), both anabolic and catabolic.
Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy.
Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy:
Digestion and energy release (catabolism) are parts of metabolism, but this statement omits the biosynthetic (anabolic) reactions that are also included.
B. Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules:
Assembly of small molecules (anabolism) is part of metabolism, but this statement excludes catabolic reactions that break down molecules.
C. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of a cell (or organism), both anabolic and catabolic:
Metabolism encompasses both pathways that build molecules (anabolism) and pathways that break them down to release energy (catabolism), so this definition is comprehensive.
D. Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy:
Production and use of chemical energy are central aspects of metabolism but do not fully describe the wide variety of metabolic chemical transformations.
E. Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures:
Assembly of macromolecules into structures (e.g., ribosomes, membranes) may occur, but metabolism more broadly includes many other chemical reactions beyond structural assembly.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Conjugation: Conjugation involves direct physical contact (often via a sex pilus) to transfer genetic material from donor to recipient.
B. Transformation: Transformation involves uptake of free DNA from the environment and does not require donor–recipient contact.
C. Transduction: Transduction transfers DNA between bacteria via bacteriophages and does not require direct cell-to-cell contact.
D. Binary fission: Binary fission is the asexual reproduction of a single cell into two daughter cells and does not involve genetic transfer between separate donor and recipient cells.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Parasitic: A parasitic relationship benefits the microbe at the host’s expense and typically causes harm; producing vitamin K for the host does not fit the parasitic definition.
B. Saprobic: Saprobic organisms obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter (decomposers); intestinal E. coli living on host-derived substrates and contributing vitamins are not acting as saprobes.
C. Antagonistic: Antagonistic interactions involve one organism inhibiting another (competition or antimicrobial production); the described vitamin-producing relationship does not reflect antagonism.
D. Mutualistic: Mutualism describes a relationship where both partners benefit — E. coli gains a habitat and nutrients while the host gains vitamin K — which fits this scenario.
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