E.coli bacteria that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a ______ relationship.
parasitic
saprobic
antagonistic
mutualistic
The Correct Answer is D
A. Parasitic: A parasitic relationship benefits the microbe at the host’s expense and typically causes harm; producing vitamin K for the host does not fit the parasitic definition.
B. Saprobic: Saprobic organisms obtain nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter (decomposers); intestinal E. coli living on host-derived substrates and contributing vitamins are not acting as saprobes.
C. Antagonistic: Antagonistic interactions involve one organism inhibiting another (competition or antimicrobial production); the described vitamin-producing relationship does not reflect antagonism.
D. Mutualistic: Mutualism describes a relationship where both partners benefit — E. coli gains a habitat and nutrients while the host gains vitamin K — which fits this scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Eurytolerant: Refers to organisms that can survive and grow under a wide range of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity).
B. Stenotolerant: Opposite of eurytolerant; can survive only within a narrow range of conditions.
C. Obligate: Indicates a strict requirement for a particular condition (e.g., obligate aerobe requires oxygen).
D. Facultative: Indicates flexibility with respect to certain conditions (e.g., facultative anaerobes can
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Psychrophiles: Psychrophiles grow best at very low temperatures (near 0–15°C) and are adapted to cold environments such as polar regions; they are not typically associated with infections in warm-blooded humans.
B. Thermophiles: Thermophiles prefer high temperatures (usually >45°C) and are commonly found in hot springs and geothermal sites; their temperature optimum is above human body temperature, so they rarely cause human infections.
C. Halophiles: Halophiles require or tolerate very high salt concentrations and are found in hypersaline environments (e.g., salt lakes); they are not commonly associated with human disease.
D. Mesophiles: Mesophiles grow best at moderate temperatures, typically between about 20–45°C, which overlaps human body temperature (≈37°C), making them the group most frequently associated with human infections.
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