Which of the following statements is true of amino acid-based hormones?
They cross the plasma membrane.
They are lipid soluble.
They are synthesized from cholesterol.
They require a receptor in the plasma membrane.
The Correct Answer is D
a) They cross the plasma membrane.
Amino acid-based hormones are water-soluble and cannot easily cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
b) They are lipid soluble.
Unlike steroid hormones, amino acid-based hormones are not lipid-soluble; they are hydrophilic.
c) They are synthesized from cholesterol.
Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, not amino acid-based hormones.
d) They require a receptor in the plasma membrane.
Due to their inability to cross the plasma membrane, amino acid-based hormones bind to cell surface receptors to trigger intracellular responses via second messengers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a) Mom is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-positive: No issue arises because the mother's immune system recognizes the Rh antigen as self.
b) Mom is Rh-negative and fetus is Rh-positive: If the mother is Rh-negative and the first fetus is Rh-positive, the mother's immune system may become sensitized during delivery. In subsequent pregnancies with Rh-positive fetuses, maternal anti-Rh antibodies (IgG) can cross the placenta and attack fetal RBCs, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis).
c) Mom is Rh-negative and fetus is Rh-negative: No immune response is triggered; both are Rh-negative.
d) Mom is Rh-positive and fetus is Rh-negative: No risk; maternal antibodies are not formed against Rh-negative cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
a) The location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path: Hormones are carried through the entire bloodstream, so all tissues are exposed. Proximity doesn’t determine responsiveness.
b) The membrane potential of the cells of the target organ: Membrane potential may affect nerve impulse conduction, but not hormone specificity.
c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ: Hormones act only on target cells that express specific receptors for them. No receptor = no response.
d) All hormones stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific: Hormones are highly specific and only act on cells with matching receptors.
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