Which of the following statements is true regarding varicose veins?
Elevation of the legs increases pain in those with varicose veins
The main cause of varicose veins is atherosclerosis
Individuals with varicose veins are not likely to develop peripheral edema
Standing for long periods of time increases the risk of developing varicose veins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Elevation of the legs increases pain in those with varicose veins is incorrect because elevating the legs actually relieves discomfort. Elevation reduces venous pressure and improves blood return to the heart, which decreases pain, swelling, and the feeling of heaviness in the legs.
B. The main cause of varicose veins is atherosclerosis is incorrect because varicose veins are primarily caused by venous valve incompetence, leading to venous dilation and blood pooling, not by arterial plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis affects arteries, not veins.
C. Individuals with varicose veins are not likely to develop peripheral edema is incorrect because venous insufficiency can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues, leading to peripheral edema, particularly in the lower extremities after prolonged standing or at the end of the day.
D. Standing for long periods of time increases the risk of developing varicose veins is correct because prolonged standing or sitting without movement increases venous pressure in the legs, which stresses vein walls and valves. Over time, this can lead to valve dysfunction, vein dilation, and varicose vein formation. Other risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, aging, and family history.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hemolytic is incorrect because hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they are produced, often due to autoimmune disorders, infections, certain medications, or inherited conditions. It is not primarily caused by dietary deficiency or blood loss.
B. Sickle-cell is incorrect because sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, leading to hemolysis and impaired oxygen transport. Diet and blood loss do not cause this condition.
C. Pernicious is incorrect because pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to the lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach, leading to impaired red blood cell production. While diet can contribute in rare cases, it is usually related to malabsorption, not simple dietary insufficiency.
D. Iron-deficiency is correct because this type of anemia results from insufficient iron, which is necessary for hemoglobin production. It is commonly caused by chronic blood loss (e.g., menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding) or a diet low in iron. Without adequate iron, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, leading to small, pale red blood cells and symptoms like fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Iron supplementation and dietary changes are the main treatments.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hypercapnia is correct because it refers to an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood, often resulting from hypoventilation, respiratory diseases (like COPD), or impaired gas exchange. Elevated CO₂ can lead to respiratory acidosis, causing confusion, headache, lethargy, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure.
B. Hypocapnia is incorrect because this term refers to abnormally low CO₂ levels in the blood, which can occur due to hyperventilation. Hypocapnia can lead to respiratory alkalosis with symptoms such as dizziness, tingling, and muscle cramps.
C. Hypoxemia is incorrect because hypoxemia refers to low oxygen levels in the blood, not elevated carbon dioxide. It may result from lung disease, high altitude, or impaired oxygen transport.
D. Hyperpnea is incorrect because hyperpnea refers to increased depth and rate of breathing, usually as a compensatory mechanism for increased CO₂ or metabolic demands, rather than the presence of elevated CO₂ itself.
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