Which of the following statements is true regarding varicose veins?
Elevation of the legs increases pain in those with varicose veins
The main cause of varicose veins is atherosclerosis
Individuals with varicose veins are not likely to develop peripheral edema
Standing for long periods of time increases the risk of developing varicose veins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Elevation of the legs increases pain in those with varicose veins is incorrect because elevating the legs actually relieves discomfort. Elevation reduces venous pressure and improves blood return to the heart, which decreases pain, swelling, and the feeling of heaviness in the legs.
B. The main cause of varicose veins is atherosclerosis is incorrect because varicose veins are primarily caused by venous valve incompetence, leading to venous dilation and blood pooling, not by arterial plaque buildup. Atherosclerosis affects arteries, not veins.
C. Individuals with varicose veins are not likely to develop peripheral edema is incorrect because venous insufficiency can cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues, leading to peripheral edema, particularly in the lower extremities after prolonged standing or at the end of the day.
D. Standing for long periods of time increases the risk of developing varicose veins is correct because prolonged standing or sitting without movement increases venous pressure in the legs, which stresses vein walls and valves. Over time, this can lead to valve dysfunction, vein dilation, and varicose vein formation. Other risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, aging, and family history.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Loss of urine associated with the inability to reach the toilet in time due to physical limitations is incorrect because this describes functional incontinence. In this condition, the urinary system is usually intact, but the client cannot reach the toilet in time due to barriers such as impaired mobility, environmental obstacles, or cognitive impairment. The problem is not with bladder control, but with the ability to access toileting facilities.
B. Continuous dribbling of urine due to bladder overdistention is incorrect because this describes overflow incontinence. This occurs when the bladder becomes overly full and cannot empty properly, often due to obstruction or weak bladder muscles. As a result, urine leaks out in small amounts continuously. This type of incontinence is associated with urinary retention rather than sudden pressure-related leakage.
C. Leakage of urine due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as when coughing or sneezing is correct because stress incontinence occurs when weakened pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter allow urine to escape when intra-abdominal pressure rises. Activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting increase pressure in the abdomen, which overcomes the weakened sphincter and causes leakage. There is typically no urge to void before the leakage, which helps distinguish it from other types such as urge incontinence.
D. Involuntary urination that occurs during deep sleep is incorrect because this describes nocturnal enuresis, also known as bedwetting. This condition is more common in children but can also occur in adults due to sleep disturbances or neurological conditions. It is not related to increased intra-abdominal pressure or sphincter weakness during physical activity
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 31.5 %: Underestimates TBSA; likely missed one major area such as the anterior torso or leg portion.
B. Using the Rule of Nines for adults: Entire front of torso (anterior trunk) = 18%, entire right arm = 9%; front of right leg (anterior half of one leg) = 9%; face and front of neck (anterior head/neck) = 4.5%. Total TBSA = 18 + 9 + 9 + 4.5 = 40.5%
C. 49.5 %: Overestimates TBSA; may have incorrectly counted the entire leg (18%) instead of just the front (9%).
D. 36 %: Slight underestimation; possibly omitted the face/neck portion (4.5%).
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