Which of the following would result in an increase in blood pressure?
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased vascular resistance
Hypovolemia
Vasoconstriction
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Decreased cardiac output would result in a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Choice B reason: Decreased vascular resistance would also result in a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. Vascular resistance is the force that opposes the blood flow in the blood vessels.
Choice C reason: Hypovolemia would also result in a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. Hypovolemia is the condition of having low blood volume due to fluid loss or dehydration.
Choice D reason: Vasoconstriction would result in an increase in blood pressure. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases the vascular resistance and the blood pressure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol is a beta blocker medication, which means that it blocks the beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This reduces the sympathetic stimulation in cardiac muscle, which lowers the heart rate, contractility, and oxygen demand. This also reduces the renin release from the kidneys, which lowers the blood pressure.
Choice B reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not increase the diuretic response in the renal tubules. This is the effect of diuretic medications, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, which increase the urine output and decrease the blood volume and pressure.
Choice C reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This is the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as lisinopril or enalapril, which block the formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.
Choice D reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not block alpha receptors throughout the body. This is the effect of alpha blockers, such as doxazosin or prazosin, which block the alpha receptors in the blood vessels and cause vasodilation, which lowers the blood pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a physiological response to hydralazine. Cool extremities are a sign of poor peripheral perfusion, which can be caused by vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
Choice B reason: This is not a physiological response to hydralazine. Increased urinary output is a sign of diuresis, which can be caused by diuretic medications, not vasodilators.
Choice C reason: This is not a physiological response to hydralazine. Pale skin is a sign of reduced blood flow to the skin, which can be caused by vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
Choice D reason: This is a physiological response to hydralazine. Reflex tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism that occurs when the blood pressure drops due to vasodilation. The heart rate increases to maintain the cardiac output and perfusion pressure.
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