Which of the following would the nurse recognize as ACE inhibitors? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Captopril

Lisinopril

Atenolol

Labetalol

Ramipril

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

Choice A reason: Captopril is an ACE inhibitor, which means it blocks the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Captopril is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic kidney disease, and some types of heart attack. ¹

Choice B reason: Lisinopril is also an ACE inhibitor, with similar effects and uses as captopril. Lisinopril may be preferred over captopril because it has a longer duration of action and fewer side effects. ²

Choice C reason: Atenolol is not an ACE inhibitor, but a beta blocker, which means it blocks the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline, hormones that increase heart rate and blood pressure. Atenolol is used to treat high blood pressure, angina, irregular heartbeat, and prevent heart attack and stroke. ³

Choice D reason: Labetalol is also not an ACE inhibitor, but a combination of alpha and beta blocker, which means it blocks both the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline, and the receptors for angiotensin II. Labetalol is used to treat high blood pressure, especially in pregnancy and hypertensive emergencies.

Choice E reason: Ramipril is another ACE inhibitor, with similar effects and uses as captopril and lisinopril. Ramipril may have additional benefits in preventing cardiovascular events and kidney damage in high-risk patients..

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not affect the heart rate. Checking the heart rate before each dose is not necessary.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not interact with acetaminophen. Taking acetaminophen with spironolactone will not cause bleeding.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because spironolactone does not cause dry cough or increase blood sugar. These are not signs of adverse effects of spironolactone.

Choice D reason: This is correct because spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia, which is a high level of potassium in the blood. Bananas, cantaloupe, and spinach are high-potassium foods that should be avoided by clients taking spironolactone.

A. Always check your apical heart rate before taking this medication B. Calcium channel blockers may cause increased blood pressure, so immediately report blurred vision C. These medications are best taken at night to reduce cholesterol D. Do not drink grapefruit juice while on this medication

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because checking the apical heart rate before taking calcium channel blockers is not necessary for most patients. Calcium channel blockers are a group of medications that relax and widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and slow the heart rate. They are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The nurse should check the apical heart rate only if the patient has a history of bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block (a problem with the electrical conduction of the heart).

Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not cause increased blood pressure, but rather lower it. Blurred vision is not a common side effect of calcium channel blockers, and it may indicate other problems, such as eye infection, glaucoma, or stroke. The nurse should instruct the patient to report any changes in vision, but not to associate them with calcium channel blockers.

Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not affect cholesterol levels, and the time of day they are taken does not matter. Cholesterol is a type of fat that circulates in the blood and can build up in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries). Cholesterol levels are influenced by diet, exercise, genetics, and other medications, such as statins. The nurse should advise the patient to follow a healthy lifestyle and take any prescribed medications for cholesterol control.

Choice D reason: This choice is correct because grapefruit juice can interact with some calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem, and increase their blood levels and effects. This can cause serious side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, headache, flushing, and edema (swelling). The nurse should warn the patient to avoid grapefruit juice and any products that contain grapefruit while taking calcium channel blockers.

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Which of the following would the nurse recognize as ACE inhibitors? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What patient education should be given to a client going home with a new prescription for the potassium-sparing diuretic spironolactone?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is most important for the nurse to include with calcium channel blockers?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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