A patient is admitted for acute renal failure and the nurse is monitoring their response to medications. Which pharmacokinetic principle does the nurse understand will most likely be affected in this patient?
Elimination
Metabolism
Distribution
Absorption
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Elimination is the process of removing a drug from the body, usually through the kidneys or the liver. Acute renal failure is a condition where the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. This can impair the elimination of drugs that are mainly excreted by the kidneys, leading to increased drug levels and potential toxicity. The nurse should monitor the patient's renal function and adjust the dose of drugs that are renally eliminated.
Choice B reason: Metabolism is the process of transforming a drug into one or more metabolites, usually by enzymes in the liver. Acute renal failure does not directly affect the metabolism of drugs, unless it causes liver damage or alters the blood flow to the liver. The nurse should monitor the patient's liver function and the levels of drugs that are metabolized by the liver.
Choice C reason: Distribution is the process of transferring a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Acute renal failure can affect the distribution of drugs that are bound to plasma proteins, such as albumin. When the kidneys are damaged, they may leak protein into the urine, causing hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood). This can increase the amount of free or unbound drug in the blood, which may enhance the drug's effect or cause adverse reactions. The nurse should monitor the patient's serum albumin level and the effects of drugs that are highly protein bound.
Choice D reason: Absorption is the process of moving a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream. Acute renal failure does not directly affect the absorption of drugs, unless it causes changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as edema, bleeding, or motility disorders. The nurse should monitor the patient's gastrointestinal function and the bioavailability of drugs that are administered orally.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["15"]
Explanation
To calculate the amount of the amoxicillin liquid suspension that the nurse should administer, we can use the following formula:
Amount to administer (mL) = (Desired dose in mg) / (Amount of drug in 1 mL)
Given:
Desired dose = 750 mg
Amount of drug in 1 mL = 250 mg/5 mL = 50 mg/mL
Now, let's calculate the amount to administer:
Amount to administer (mL) = 750 mg / 50 mg/mL
Amount to administer (mL) = 15 mL
Rounding to the nearest whole number, the nurse should administer 15 mL of the amoxicillin liquid suspension.
Correct Answer is ["10"]
Explanation
The nurse needs to administer 775 mg of amoxicillin. The available amoxicillin oral suspension is 400 mg/5 mL, which means there are 400 mg of amoxicillin in every 5 mL of the suspension.
Therefore, for a 775 mg dose, the nurse should administer:
775 mg/(400 mg/5mL) = 9.6875 mL of the suspension
So, the nurse should administer approximately 10 mL (rounded to the nearest whole number).
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