Which part of the brain controls the body's "vital signs" (heart rate, blood pressure, respirations)?
Medulla oblongata
Occipital lobe
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Medulla oblongata: Contains autonomic cardiovascular and respiratory centers that directly regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.
B. Occipital lobe: Primarily processes visual information and does not control vital autonomic functions.
C. Cerebellum: Coordinates balance and fine motor control rather than regulating heart rate, blood pressure, or respirations.
D. Hypothalamus: Integrates autonomic and endocrine responses and influences homeostasis, but the medulla houses the primary centers that directly set vital signs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and increasing renal calcium reabsorption.
B. Insulin: Regulates blood glucose and has metabolic effects, but it does not lower blood calcium.
C. T3/T4: Thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism broadly, not the primary hormones for lowering blood calcium.
D. Calcitonin: Secreted by the thyroid (C cells) and lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium (Ca⁺): This mineral plays roles in bone strength, muscle contraction, and clotting but is not involved in oxygen binding in hemoglobin.
B. Sodium (Na⁺): Sodium helps regulate fluid balance and nerve signaling, but it does not participate in oxygen transport.
C. Iron (Fe⁺): Iron within the heme groups of hemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen, allowing red blood cells to transport it throughout the body.
D. Potassium (K⁺): Potassium maintains cell membrane potential and nerve conduction, not oxygen binding.
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