Which query is best suited for determining the patient's chief complaint?
"Have you ever experienced this problem before?"
"What brings you to the hospital today?"
"Did your doctor tell you to come to the hospital?"
"How long have you been having chest pain?"
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Asking "Have you ever experienced this problem before?" elicits historical information about the symptom, which is valuable for understanding the pattern and potential causes of the current complaint. However, it does not directly prompt the patient to articulate their primary reason for seeking medical attention in the present moment.
Choice B rationale
"What brings you to the hospital today?" is an open-ended question that encourages the patient to describe, in their own words, their primary concern or reason for seeking medical care. This allows the healthcare provider to identify the chief complaint directly and without leading the patient toward specific symptoms.
Choice C rationale
"Did your doctor tell you to come to the hospital?" focuses on the referral source rather than the patient's subjective experience of their symptoms. While knowing the referral context can be helpful, it does not directly address the patient's current health concerns or the specific problem they are experiencing.
Choice D rationale
"How long have you been having chest pain?" is a closed-ended question that assumes the presence of chest pain and focuses on its duration. While important for characterizing a specific symptom, it does not allow for the identification of the patient's overall chief complaint, which might be broader than just chest pain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve, plays a crucial role in innervating the pharynx and larynx, influencing speech and swallowing. Observing the movement of the soft palate and uvula when the patient says "ahh" assesses the motor function of the vagus nerve, as its bilateral innervation is essential for the symmetrical elevation of these structures.
Choice B rationale
Having the patient stick out the tongue and observing for tremors or pulling to one side assesses the function of cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve. This nerve controls the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, and abnormalities can indicate nerve damage or neurological issues affecting tongue movement.
Choice C rationale
Using a wisp of cotton to brush over the eyelashes and observing for blinking assesses the corneal reflex, which involves both cranial nerve V (trigeminal, sensory) and cranial nerve VII (facial, motor). This test evaluates the integrity of the reflex arc rather than solely cranial nerve X.
Choice D rationale
With eyes closed, touching various areas on the face with a wisp of cotton and having the patient identify where touched assesses the sensory function of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve. This nerve is responsible for transmitting touch, pain, and temperature sensations from the face.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The knee joint, a modified hinge joint, primarily facilitates movement within the sagittal plane. Flexion involves decreasing the angle between the femur and tibia, bending the knee, while extension involves increasing this angle, straightening the knee. These movements are achieved through the coordinated action of muscles like the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings, acting on the condyles of the femur and tibia.
Choice B rationale
Inversion and eversion are movements specific to the ankle and foot. Inversion involves turning the sole of the foot inward, towards the midline of the body, while eversion involves turning the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline. These movements are mediated by the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, not the knee.
Choice C rationale
Supination and pronation are rotatory movements primarily associated with the forearm and hand. Supination involves rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly, while pronation involves rotating it so the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly. These actions are controlled by muscles acting on the radius and ulna, not the knee joint.
Choice D rationale
Circumduction is a complex movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, commonly seen in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder or hip. Rotation, where a bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis, is also more prominent in these joints. While the knee has minimal rotational capability when flexed, it's not a primary movement.
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