Which signs and symptoms are characteristic of pinworms?

Diarrhea, itching, and fever

Itching, irritability, and restlessness

Nausea, vomiting, and itching

Nausea, vomiting, and weight loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) cause perianal itching due to nocturnal egg-laying, not diarrhea or fever. Diarrhea and fever suggest other infections like bacterial gastroenteritis. Itching is the primary symptom, with irritability from sleep disruption, making this combination less accurate for pinworm infection in children.

Choice B reason: Pinworms cause intense perianal itching from egg deposition, leading to irritability and restlessness, especially at night, due to disrupted sleep. These symptoms reflect the parasite’s life cycle, where females lay eggs on the perianal skin, causing discomfort and behavioral changes, making this the most accurate symptom combination.

Choice C reason: Nausea and vomiting are not typical of pinworms, which primarily cause perianal irritation. Itching is a hallmark, but nausea and vomiting suggest gastrointestinal infections like rotavirus. This combination is less specific, as pinworms rarely affect the upper digestive tract, making it incorrect for diagnosis.

Choice D reason: Nausea, vomiting, and weight loss suggest systemic or gastrointestinal pathology, like inflammatory bowel disease, not pinworms. Pinworms cause localized perianal itching, not malabsorption or systemic symptoms. Itching with irritability is more characteristic, making this combination incorrect for the typical presentation of pinworm infection.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Afebrile otitis media is not a contraindication for DTaP vaccination, as mild infections without fever do not increase vaccine risks. DTaP is safe in stable children, and delaying vaccination could leave the infant vulnerable to pertussis, making this an incorrect reason to question administration.

Choice B reason: A sibling’s new seizure disorder is not a contraindication for DTaP in the child, as seizures are not hereditary or vaccine-related in this context. DTaP is safe unless the child has a personal history of seizures post-vaccination, making this an incorrect reason to question administration.

Choice C reason: Egg antigen sensitivity is relevant for vaccines like influenza, not DTaP, which is not egg-based. Allergic reactions to DTaP are rare and unrelated to eggs. This does not warrant questioning the vaccine, as it poses no increased risk, making this an incorrect concern.

Choice D reason: A temperature of 40.5°C (104.9°F) after a prior DTaP suggests a severe reaction, a contraindication to further doses due to risk of recurrence or worsening. This high fever indicates potential hypersensitivity, requiring evaluation before administration to prevent adverse events, making it the reason to question the vaccine.

A. Chicken sandwich on whole-wheat bread B. Pizza and chocolate cake C. Corn tortilla and fresh fruit D. Spaghetti and a blueberry muffin

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Whole-wheat bread contains gluten, a protein harmful in celiac disease, causing villous atrophy and malabsorption in the small intestine. This triggers diarrhea, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. A gluten-free diet is essential, making a chicken sandwich on whole-wheat bread an inappropriate choice for a child with this condition.

Choice B reason: Pizza and chocolate cake typically contain wheat flour, a gluten source, which damages the intestinal mucosa in celiac disease, leading to inflammation and malabsorption. These foods exacerbate symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain, making them unsuitable for a child requiring a strict gluten-free diet to manage the condition.

Choice C reason: Corn tortillas and fresh fruit are naturally gluten-free, safe for celiac disease. Corn lacks the harmful proteins (gliadin) that trigger immune-mediated intestinal damage. Fresh fruit provides nutrients without gluten, supporting healing of the intestinal mucosa and preventing symptoms like diarrhea, making this the best dietary choice.

Choice D reason: Spaghetti and blueberry muffins are made with wheat flour, containing gluten, which causes intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease. This leads to malabsorption, diarrhea, and growth issues. These foods are contraindicated, as a gluten-free diet is critical to prevent symptoms and promote intestinal healing in affected children.

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Which signs and symptoms are characteristic of pinworms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 2-month-old child. The child’s provider has ordered a diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine to be administered. Which of the following should cause the nurse to question the administration of this vaccine?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which menu selections are best for a child diagnosed with celiac disease?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of a 1-month-old infant who is to undergo the initial surgery to treat Hirschsprung’s disease. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that the parent understands the goal of the surgery?

A nurse working at a clinic speaks on the telephone with a parent of a 2-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse that the infant has projectile vomiting followed by hunger after meals. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

The greatest threat to life in isotonic dehydration is:

Which signs may indicate a need for insulin in a child with diabetes?

The home health nurse is monitoring an 8-month-old child with hypothyroidism taking levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which symptoms does the nurse recognize as signs of overdose? (Select all that apply)

Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Regular insulin is considered: