A child with diabetes is brought to the emergency department. He is flushed and drowsy, and his skin is dry. His father states that the child has been feeling progressively worse since the morning. What is this child most likely experiencing?
Ketoacidosis
Somogyi phenomenon
Water intoxication
Dawn phenomenon
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with flushing, drowsiness, and dry skin due to severe hyperglycemia, ketosis, and dehydration from osmotic diuresis. In children, insulin deficiency increases glucose and ketone production, causing metabolic acidosis and lethargy. DKA is life-threatening, requiring urgent insulin and fluid therapy to correct metabolic imbalances and prevent coma.
Choice B reason: The Somogyi phenomenon involves rebound hyperglycemia after nocturnal hypoglycemia, typically causing morning symptoms like sweating or shakiness, not flushing or drowsiness. Dry skin and progressive worsening suggest sustained hyperglycemia, as in DKA, not a transient rebound, making this an incorrect diagnosis for the child’s acute presentation.
Choice C reason: Water intoxication results from excessive water intake, causing hyponatremia, seizures, or confusion, not flushing or dry skin. The child’s symptoms indicate hyperglycemia and dehydration, consistent with DKA, not water overload. This condition is unrelated to diabetes pathophysiology, making it an incorrect explanation for the clinical presentation.
Choice D reason: The Dawn phenomenon involves morning hyperglycemia due to nocturnal growth hormone surges, not flushing, drowsiness, or dry skin. These symptoms suggest severe metabolic decompensation, as in DKA, with dehydration and acidosis. The Dawn phenomenon is less acute and does not match the child’s progressive deterioration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Syrup of ipecac induces vomiting but is no longer recommended for iron overdose, as it may delay definitive treatment. Ferrous sulfate ingestion causes gastrointestinal toxicity, metabolic acidosis, and organ damage. Poison control provides specific guidance, making ipecac inappropriate, as it risks aspiration and delays chelation therapy.
Choice B reason: Orange juice contains vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption, potentially worsening toxicity in ferrous sulfate overdose. Iron causes mucosal damage, acidosis, and systemic toxicity. Giving juice is harmful, as it does not neutralize iron or address toxicity, making poison control contact the priority for expert management.
Choice C reason: A high carbohydrate snack does not address iron toxicity from ferrous sulfate ingestion, which causes gastrointestinal irritation, metabolic acidosis, and organ damage. Carbohydrates may delay treatment by occupying the stomach. Poison control offers specific interventions like chelation, making this an ineffective and inappropriate response to the overdose.
Choice D reason: Contacting poison control is critical for ferrous sulfate overdose, as iron causes severe toxicity, including gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic acidosis, and liver damage. Poison control provides immediate guidance on decontamination, chelation therapy (e.g., deferoxamine), and monitoring, ensuring rapid intervention to prevent life-threatening complications in the child.
Correct Answer is ["3.8"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to convert pounds to kilograms: (22 ÷ 2.2) = 10 Result = 10 kg
Step 2 is to calculate the total daily dose in mg: 10 × 1.5 = 15 Result = 15 mg/day
Step 3 is to determine the number of doses per day when given every 6 hours: 24 ÷ 6 = 4 Result = 4 doses/day
Step 4 is to divide the total daily dose by number of doses: 15 ÷ 4 = 3.75 Result = 3.75 mg per dose
Step 5 is to calculate volume in mL: (3.75 ÷ 1) = 3.75 Result = 3.75 mL
Step 6 is to round to the nearest tenth: 3.75 rounds to 3.8
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.