Which statement about monoamine oxidase inhibitors is inaccurate?
The client should be careful with their diet since some foods cause adverse reactions
Clients experience immediate improvement in symptoms
These drugs are used when newer drugs have not been effective
There are some drug-to-drug interactions that can contribute to hypertensive crisis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) require dietary restrictions to avoid tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheese), which can cause hypertensive crisis by increasing norepinephrine release. MAOIs inhibit monoamine breakdown, amplifying tyramine’s effects. This statement is accurate, as dietary caution is critical to prevent serious adverse reactions.
Choice B reason: MAOIs, like phenelzine, take 2-6 weeks to improve depressive symptoms by increasing monoamine levels (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine). Immediate improvement does not occur due to gradual synaptic changes. This statement is inaccurate, as the delayed onset is a key characteristic of MAOIs, similar to other antidepressants.
Choice C reason: MAOIs are reserved for treatment-resistant depression when newer drugs like SSRIs fail, due to their side effect profile and dietary restrictions. They effectively increase monoamine availability but are less preferred due to safety concerns. This statement is accurate, reflecting their role in refractory cases.
Choice D reason: MAOIs can cause hypertensive crisis via drug interactions (e.g., with SSRIs or sympathomimetics), as they inhibit monoamine breakdown, leading to excessive norepinephrine. This can result in severe blood pressure elevation. This statement is accurate, as drug interactions are a significant risk with MAOI therapy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Morning stiffness lasting 25 minutes suggests mild joint inflammation but is not specific to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA typically involves stiffness exceeding 30-60 minutes and multiple joints bilaterally. This symptom alone is less indicative than red, spongy joints, making this choice less likely for RA.
Choice B reason: Crepitus in the right knee indicates cartilage wear, more characteristic of osteoarthritis than RA. RA causes synovial inflammation, not primarily crepitus. This 45-year-old male’s symptom suggests mechanical joint issues, not the inflammatory, systemic features of RA, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Red, soft, spongy joints in both knees indicate synovial inflammation and effusion, hallmark signs of RA. This autoimmune disease causes bilateral joint swelling, warmth, and tenderness due to synovitis. This 30-year-old female’s symptoms align with RA’s clinical presentation, making this the most likely manifestation.
Choice D reason: Osteophyte formation and decreased joint space are typical of osteoarthritis, not RA. RA involves synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion without osteophytes early on. This 40-year-old male’s findings suggest degenerative joint disease, not the inflammatory changes of RA, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Calcium levels in plasma are primarily regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, not insulin. Insulin has minimal direct effect on calcium transport into cells. Calcium is critical for bone health and muscle function, but its movement is not significantly influenced by insulin’s action on cellular membranes.
Choice B reason: Insulin promotes potassium uptake into cells by activating the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, particularly in muscle and liver cells. This shifts potassium from plasma to intracellular spaces, lowering serum levels. This mechanism is critical in managing hyperkalemia, as insulin facilitates potassium movement alongside glucose, stabilizing membrane potentials.
Choice C reason: Magnesium is regulated by renal and gastrointestinal mechanisms, not directly by insulin. While insulin may indirectly influence magnesium via metabolic effects, it does not actively drive magnesium into cells like potassium. Magnesium is essential for enzymatic reactions, but its plasma levels are not significantly altered by insulin.
Choice D reason: Sodium is primarily regulated by aldosterone and the renin-angiotensin system, not insulin. Insulin does not directly force sodium into cells but may influence sodium-potassium ATPase indirectly. Sodium’s extracellular role in fluid balance is distinct from insulin’s intracellular potassium transport, making it an incorrect choice.
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