Which statement regarding atopic dermatitis (eczema) in the infant is most accurate?
It is associated with allergy with a hereditary tendency.
It is associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
It is easily cured.
Treatment includes keeping the skin dry.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is often linked to allergic conditions, such as asthma, hay fever, or food allergies. It also has a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but rather with lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and sinuses, while lower respiratory tract infections affect the lungs and airways.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not easily cured, but rather a chronic and relapsing condition that requires long-term management. There is no cure for eczema, but the symptoms can be controlled with medications, moisturizers, and avoidance of triggers.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema) does not include keeping the skin dry, but rather keeping the skin moist and hydrated. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema, so the nurse should advise the parents to apply emollients to the infant's skin after bathing, use mild and fragrance-free soaps and detergents, and avoid excessive heat and sweating.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as ART is the standard treatment for HIV infection in infants and children, regardless of their age, clinical status, or CD4 count. ART can suppress the viral load, improve the immune function, prevent opportunistic infections, and prolong the survival and quality of life of the infant.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as delaying ART until the infant turns 12 months old can increase the risk of disease progression, mortality, and drug resistance. The nurse should explain to the parents that early initiation of ART is recommended for all infants with HIV, as they have a high viral load and a rapid decline of CD4 cells.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as waiting for the infant to have a clinical manifestation of AIDS before starting ART can be too late and ineffective. The nurse should inform the parents that AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression and life-threatening opportunistic infections. The nurse should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to prevent the development of AIDS.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as the mother's HIV status is not mandatory to be tested, but voluntary and confidential. The nurse should respect the mother's right to privacy and autonomy, and offer her counseling and testing services if she agrees. The nurse should also educate the mother about the modes of transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as standard precautions are the minimum level of infection control practices that should be applied to all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe handling of sharps and contaminated items, and environmental cleaning. Standard precautions are sufficient for most patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that require additional precautions.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as droplet precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pertussis, or meningitis. Droplet precautions include wearing a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the patient, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as contact precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact, such as Clostridioides difficile, scabies, or herpes simplex virus. Contact precautions include wearing gloves and gowns when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and dedicating patient-care equipment to the patient or disinfecting it before use on another patient.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as airborne precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis, measles, or chickenpox. Airborne precautions include wearing a respirator or N95 mask when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room with the door closed, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.
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