Which type of fracture occurs due to twisting or rotational forces on the bone?

In a closed fracture, where the skin remains intact over the fractured bone, intense localized pain and tenderness at the fracture site are common symptoms. The skin acts as a barrier, preventing bone fragments from protruding through the skin.

a. Bone fragments protruding through the skin: This symptom is associated with an open or compound fracture, where the bone pierces through the skin.
b. Visible deformity at the fracture site: Visible deformity may occur in both closed and open fractures, but it is not specific to closed fractures.
d. Open wound with bleeding at the fracture site: An open wound with bleeding is characteristic of an open or compound fracture, not a closed fracture.

: Educating the patient about signs of neurovascular compromise, such as changes in sensation, color, or temperature of the limb, is essential to ensure early detection of potential complications and timely intervention.

a. Encouraging the patient to bear full weight on the cast immediately is not recommended, as weight-bearing should follow the healthcare provider's instructions, which may involve partial weight-bearing initially.
b. Instructing the patient to elevate the casted limb above the heart can help reduce swelling but may not be the primary focus of discharge teaching for a newly applied cast.
c. Advising the patient to use a heating pad on the cast to relieve discomfort is not recommended, as excessive heat can damage the cast and increase the risk of skin irritation.