You are planning on transfusing a unit of blood. Which of the following are appropriate measures to take? (Select all that apply)

Ensure that patients with AB+ blood type only receive blood from AB type donors

Finish transfusing PRBC's within 2 hours

Remain with the patient during the first 15 minutes of the infusion

Double check the blood product against the patient blood band with another RN

Prime blood tubing with normal saline (NS)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E

A.   Individuals with AB+ blood type can receive blood from any donor type (A, B, AB, or O) because they have no antibodies against A or B antigens. The safest practice is to provide the most compatible blood type, but AB+ recipients are considered universal recipients.
B.   To minimize the risk of bacterial growth and transfusion reactions, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) should be transfused within 2 hours of starting the infusion. It’s important to monitor the patient closely during this time.
C.   The first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion are critical for observing any immediate adverse reactions. The nurse should stay with the patient during this time to monitor vital signs and assess for any signs of a transfusion reaction.
D.   A crucial safety step is to verify the blood product against the patient’s blood band with another registered nurse (RN). This helps prevent errors related to mismatched blood transfusions, which can be life-threatening.
E.   Blood transfusion tubing should be primed with normal saline to ensure that the blood product flows properly and to maintain patency. Normal saline is used because it is compatible with blood products and does not cause hemolysis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This type of shock occurs when there is widespread vasodilation leading to a relative hypovolemia, often seen in conditions like sepsis. Given that the patient has a surgical site infection, this is a plausible consideration. However, distributive shock typically involves more than just hypotension, including symptoms like warm skin and possible fever.
B. This type of shock results from significant fluid loss, leading to inadequate circulating volume. It can occur after surgery due to bleeding or fluid loss, but the context here suggests that the primary issue is infection rather than direct fluid loss.
C. Obstructive shock happens when there is a physical obstruction to blood flow, such as in cases of pulmonary embolism or tension pneumothorax. There’s no indication of obstruction in this scenario related to the infection and hypotension.
D. This shock type occurs when the heart fails to pump effectively, often due to myocardial infarction or severe heart failure. The patient’s history does not suggest heart dysfunction, so this option is less likely.

A. Malar rash B. Morning stiffness C. Swan neck deformities D. Bilateral joint deformities E. Joint pain at rest

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. This is primarily associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), not Rheumatoid Arthritis. While some RA patients may have skin changes, a malar rash is not a typical manifestation of RA.
B. Morning stiffness is a hallmark symptom of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Patients often experience stiffness in their joints after periods of inactivity, particularly in the morning, which typically lasts for at least 30 minutes and can improve with movement.
C. Swan neck deformities are specific joint deformities seen in RA, where there is hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints. This is a common feature in advanced cases of RA.
D. : RA typically presents with symmetrical joint involvement. This means that if one side is affected, the opposite side is likely to be similarly affected, leading to bilateral joint deformities.
E. While joint pain can occur at rest, RA is more characterized by pain and stiffness during periods of inactivity and improvement with movement. However, as the disease progresses, patients may experience pain even at rest.

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You are planning on transfusing a unit of blood. Which of the following are appropriate measures to take? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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