Musculoskeletal System

• Decreased bone density results in osteoporosis
• Decreased muscle mass results in sarcopenia
• Decreased joint mobility results in stiffness and pain
• Decreased height due to vertebral compression fractures

Neurological System

• Decreased brain weight and volume results in decreased number of neurons
• Decreased neurotransmitter production results in decreased nerve conduction velocity
• Decreased cerebral blood flow results in decreased oxygen delivery to brain cells
• Decreased sensory perception results in impaired vision, hearing, smell, touch and pain sensation
• Decreased cognitive function results in slowed reaction time, memory loss and decreased learning ability

Sensory System

• Decreased visual acuity results in presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration
• Decreased hearing acuity results in presbycusis, tinnitus and hearing loss
• Decreased olfactory acuity results in anosmia and decreased smell sensation
• Decreased gustatory acuity results in ageusia and decreased taste sensation
• Decreased tactile acuity results in decreased touch and pain sensation