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Pathophysiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis

  • Ankylosing Spondylitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the axial skeleton, which leads to the formation of new bone and fusion of the affected joints.

  • The inflammation begins at the entheses, where ligaments and tendons attach to bones. Immune cells infiltrate these sites, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

  • The pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), promote further inflammation and trigger the recruitment of more immune cells.

  • Over time, the chronic inflammation causes erosion of the affected joints and the formation of syndesmophytes (bony outgrowths) that bridge the vertebrae, leading to spinal fusion.

Questions on Pathophysiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

"Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis typically manifest in childhood." Rationale: This statement is incorrect. Ankylosing Spondylitis symptoms typically do not manifest in childhood. The onset of AS symptoms usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, typically between the ages of 17 and 45. It is rare for AS symptoms to appear in childhood.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

"The chronic inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis causes cartilage regeneration." Rationale: This statement is not accurate. Chronic inflammation in AS can lead to structural damage and fusion of the spinal vertebrae (ankylosis), but it does not promote cartilage regeneration.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

"Skin rashes and lesions." Rationale: Skin rashes and lesions are not common clinical manifestations of Ankylosing Spondylitis. These symptoms are more commonly associated with other autoimmune or dermatological conditions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

"Ankylosing Spondylitis is primarily managed with antibiotics." Rationale: This statement is not accurate. Ankylosing Spondylitis is not primarily managed with antibiotics. While bacterial infections may be associated with AS in some cases, the mainstay of treatment is focused on controlling inflammation and managing symptoms with medications and lifestyle interventions.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

"Recommending a high-sugar diet to boost energy levels." Rationale: Recommending a high-sugar diet is not appropriate. Ankylosing S . Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement is incorrect. Pain radiating to the buttocks is not the hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis. While some individuals with the condition may experience radiating pain, it is not the defining characteristic of the disease.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This statement aligns with the symptom of sacroiliitis, which is a common feature of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Pain in the buttocks can indeed extend to the hips in individuals with this condition, especially when the inflammation affects the sacroiliac joints.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Corticosteroids may be used in some cases to manage acute symptoms or as a short-term intervention, but they are not considered the first-line treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis due to their potential side effects and limited long-term efficacy.

Administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as prescribed can help manage pain and inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis, but it is not a nursing intervention related to improving range of motion. It is essential to combine NSAID therapy with exercise and physical therapy for optima

"Using assistive devices can improve your mobility and reduce fall risk." This is the correct answer. Using assistive devices, such as canes or walkers, can indeed improve mobility and reduce the risk of falls for individuals with AS. These devices provide stability and support when walking, which i

"I'll ask my healthcare team about assistive devices for mobility." This statement is also a positive response, as it indicates the client's willingness to explore options for improving mobility and managing their condition. Asking the healthcare team about assistive devices is a proactive step in s

"Monitoring the patient's lung capacity and spinal curvature." Monitoring lung capacity and spinal curvature is important in the assessment and management of AS. AS can affect the spine and lungs, and regular monitoring helps identify any complications or disease progression. This nursing interventi

"Improved cardiovascular health." AS itself does not typically lead to improved cardiovascular health. In fact, chronic inflammation associated with AS may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this choice is not the correct answer.

"Smoking can help reduce the risk of severe symptoms." This statement is completely inaccurate and should not be included in the nurse's advice. Smoking is detrimental to overall health and can worsen the symptoms of AS. The nurse should strongly advise against smoking for AS patients. Questions

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