Psychosocial Changes

Psychosocial Changes

Psychosocial changes refer to the emotional, social and spiritual aspects of aging that affect the older adult’s self-concept, identity, roles, relationships and meaning of life. Psychosocial changes are influenced by the developmental tasks of older adults as well as by the physiological changes with aging, cognitive conditions, functional status and environmental factors. Some of the psychosocial changes that occur in older adults are:

Retirement

Retirement is the cessation of work-related activities that may occur voluntarily or involuntarily. It can have positive or negative effects on the older adult’s sense of ego integrity or despair (Erikson). Retirement can lead to:

• Increased leisure time and opportunities for hobbies, travel, education or volunteering
• Decreased income and financial security
• Decreased social interaction and support from coworkers
• Decreased self-esteem and identity from work role
• Increased stress from role changes or family responsibilities

Retirement can be facilitated by providing interventions such as:

• Planning ahead for retirement goals, finances and lifestyle
• Maintaining a balanced schedule of activities that provide stimulation, satisfaction and purpose
• Seeking alternative sources of income or employment if needed
• Joining social groups or clubs that share common interests or values
• Seeking counseling or support groups if experiencing adjustment difficulties