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Types of Diabetes Insipidus

There are several forms of diabetes insipidus, each with distinct causes:

  1. Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI):
    • Cause: Results from inadequate production or release of ADH by the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland.
    • Etiology: Can be idiopathic (unknown cause), genetic, or due to head trauma, tumors, infections, or certain medications.
  2. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI):
    • Cause: Results from kidneys' inability to respond to ADH, leading to reduced water reabsorption.
    • Etiology: Often genetic, acquired due to kidney disease, medications (e.g., lithium), or electrolyte imbalances.
  3. Gestational Diabetes Insipidus:
    • Cause: Transient form occurring during pregnancy due to increased metabolism of ADH by the placenta.
    • Etiology: Typically resolves after childbirth.

               

Questions on Types of Diabetes Insipidus

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>Clients with diabetes insipidus should maintain a balanced and adequate diet to ensure proper nutrition and hydration. While fluid intake may need to be monitored, severe fluid restriction is not typically necessary.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemia is not a typical clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Polydyspnea refers to difficulty breathing and is not associated with diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. While maintaining electrolyte balance is important, preventing fluid overload and dehydration is the primary goal of treatment.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. The desmopressin stimulation test involves administering synthetic ADH to differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Secondary diabetes insipidus refers to cases where another condition or factor, such as head trauma or tumor, affects ADH production or release.</p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>The water deprivation test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes insipidus and differentiate between central and nephrogenic DI. During this test, the client is deprived of fluids while their urine output and concentration are monitored.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, and is not involved in ADH production.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes insipidus is not a recognized classification of diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. While fluid retention is a potential effect of desmopressin therapy, it is not typically associated with adverse outcomes.</p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>The desmopressin stimulation test involves administering synthetic ADH (desmopressin) to assess the response of the kidneys and differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Hypouricemia refers to low levels of uric acid and is not directly related to diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Type 3 diabetes insipidus is not a recognized classification of diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Impaired function of the thyroid gland would lead to thyroid-related disorders, not diabetes insipidus.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes insipidus is not a recognized classification of diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is commonly used to manage diabetes insipidus by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys and reducing urine output.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. High urine glucose levels are indicative of diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>The desmopressin stimulation test measures the response of the kidneys to synthetic ADH (desmopressin) and is used to differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Elevated blood glucose levels are characteristic of diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>Desmopressin is a common medication used to manage diabetes insipidus by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. It is important for the client to take the medication as prescribed.</p>

<p>Excessive fluid intake to compensate for fluid loss in diabetes insipidus (DI) can lead to weight loss as the body attempts to excrete excess water.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemia is not a typical consequence of diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Hypersecretion of aldosterone would lead to sodium retention and increased fluid volume, which is not characteristic of central diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemia is not a typical symptom of diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. A serum creatinine test assesses kidney function but is not specific to diabetes insipidus diagnosis.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. There is no specific indication to limit dietary fiber intake for clients with diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that occurs during pregnancy and is not commonly acquired due to kidney disease or medications.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. Antidiabetic medications are used to manage diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.</p>

<p>This choice is incorrect. The heart is not the primary target organ affected by ADH in diabetes insipidus.</p>
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