A 10-month-old infant has been confirmed with HIV. The nurse knows that:
The infant should be immediately placed on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
The infant should begin ART after turning 12 months old.
Once the infant has a clinical manifestation of AIDS, then ART should begin.
The mother must be mandatorily tested.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as ART is the standard treatment for HIV infection in infants and children, regardless of their age, clinical status, or CD4 count. ART can suppress the viral load, improve the immune function, prevent opportunistic infections, and prolong the survival and quality of life of the infant.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as delaying ART until the infant turns 12 months old can increase the risk of disease progression, mortality, and drug resistance. The nurse should explain to the parents that early initiation of ART is recommended for all infants with HIV, as they have a high viral load and a rapid decline of CD4 cells.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as waiting for the infant to have a clinical manifestation of AIDS before starting ART can be too late and ineffective. The nurse should inform the parents that AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression and life-threatening opportunistic infections. The nurse should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to prevent the development of AIDS.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as the mother's HIV status is not mandatory to be tested, but voluntary and confidential. The nurse should respect the mother's right to privacy and autonomy, and offer her counseling and testing services if she agrees. The nurse should also educate the mother about the modes of transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct because the semi-Fowler's position, which is a 30 to 45 degree angle of the head of the bed, allows for optimal drainage of the surgical site and reduces the pressure on the incision. It also helps the girl breathe easier and prevents aspiration.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because the supine position, which is lying flat on the back, can increase the pain and discomfort of the girl after the appendectomy. It can also impair the drainage of the surgical site and increase the risk of infection.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because the prone position, which is lying on the stomach, can cause more pain and pressure on the incision site. It can also interfere with the drainage of the surgical site and increase the risk of infection.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because the Trendelenburg position, which is a head-down tilt of the bed, can increase the intra-abdominal pressure and cause more pain and discomfort for the girl. It can also impair the venous return and cause hypotension.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as pedialyte is not the best thing for the child who is refusing to drink it, as it can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should not force the child to drink pedialyte, but rather offer alternatives that are more appealing and acceptable to the child.
Choice B reason: This statement is correct, as pedialyte is the best thing for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, as it can prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should encourage the parent to give pedialyte to the child, but also respect the child's preferences and autonomy. The nurse should suggest different ways to make pedialyte more palatable and fun for the child, such as using a spoon, a medicine cup, a syringe, or a popsicle.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as clear diet soda is not a good option for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, as it can worsen the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should advise the parent to avoid giving soda to the child, as it contains caffeine, sugar, and carbonation, which can irritate the stomach and intestines, and increase the fluid loss.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as it does matter what the child drinks, as some fluids can help or harm the child's hydration and electrolyte status. The nurse should educate the parent about the best and worst fluids for the child who has diarrhea and vomiting, and recommend pedialyte as the first choice. The nurse should also instruct the parent to give small and frequent amounts of fluids to the child, and to monitor the urine output, weight, and signs of dehydration.
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