A 10-month-old infant has been confirmed with HIV. The nurse knows that:

The infant should be immediately placed on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

The infant should begin ART after turning 12 months old.

Once the infant has a clinical manifestation of AIDS, then ART should begin.

The mother must be mandatorily tested.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as ART is the standard treatment for HIV infection in infants and children, regardless of their age, clinical status, or CD4 count. ART can suppress the viral load, improve the immune function, prevent opportunistic infections, and prolong the survival and quality of life of the infant.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as delaying ART until the infant turns 12 months old can increase the risk of disease progression, mortality, and drug resistance. The nurse should explain to the parents that early initiation of ART is recommended for all infants with HIV, as they have a high viral load and a rapid decline of CD4 cells.

Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as waiting for the infant to have a clinical manifestation of AIDS before starting ART can be too late and ineffective. The nurse should inform the parents that AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression and life-threatening opportunistic infections. The nurse should emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV to prevent the development of AIDS.

Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as the mother's HIV status is not mandatory to be tested, but voluntary and confidential. The nurse should respect the mother's right to privacy and autonomy, and offer her counseling and testing services if she agrees. The nurse should also educate the mother about the modes of transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The squeeze bottle and ESSR method of feeding are recommended for infants with cleft lip and palate as they allow for better control of the flow and volume of the formula, prevent air swallowing and aspiration, and promote oral stimulation and development.

Choice B reason: Supplemental feeding through an N/G tube is not usually necessary for infants with cleft lip and palate unless they have severe feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, or other complications. The goal is to promote oral feeding as much as possible.

Choice C reason: Adding rice cereal to the formula is not advised for infants with cleft lip and palate as it can increase the risk of aspiration, choking, and infection. Rice cereal can also interfere with the absorption of iron and other nutrients from the formula.

Choice D reason: Infants with cleft lip and palate usually have a hard time breastfeeding as they cannot create a proper seal and suction with the nipple. Breastfeeding may be possible with some modifications and support, but it is not the norm.

A. Let the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor. B. Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions. C. Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well. D. Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the correct choice. Letting the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor can help reduce anxiety and fear of the unknown. It can also help the child understand what to expect during the surgery and recovery.

Choice B reason: This is not a good choice. Avoiding mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions can create unrealistic expectations and mistrust. The nurse should provide honest and age-appropriate information about the surgery and the possible complications and pain management.

Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Explaining that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well can imply that the surgery might not go well and cause unnecessary worry. The nurse should explain that an endotracheal tube is a common device that helps the child breathe during and after the surgery and that it will be removed as soon as possible.

Choice D reason: This is not a good choice. Unfamiliar equipment should be shown and explained to the child and the family in a simple and reassuring way. This can help them become familiar with the equipment and reduce their fear and anxiety.

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A 10-month-old infant has been confirmed with HIV. The nurse knows that:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse providing feeding instructions to a family with a newborn with cleft lip and palate will include:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A 10-month-old infant who has had a cleft palate repair returns to the nursing unit from surgery. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates the most important priority for airway care?

You are discussing prevention of infective endocarditis with parents of a child with a complex congenital heart defect. A critical teaching point to emphasize includes:

A child with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is scheduled for Nissen fundoplication. Postoperative nursing management should include (select all that apply):

An 18-month-old child returned from the cardiac cath lab 1/2 hour ago. The child wakes up and begins crying. The nurse notices that the pressure dressing is becoming saturated with blood. The nurse's first action should be to:

The nurse is counseling first-time parents of a newborn on infant nutrition. The nurse educates parents that infants are physiologically and developmentally ready to begin solids such as rice cereal at what age?

A six-month-old infant is hospitalized for repair of a ventricular septal defect. As you are doing his physical exam, you note that the infant's extremities are cool, he has weak peripheral pulses, and his urine output is diminished. These clinical findings are suggestive of which of the following?

The father of a 2-month-old infant calls the advice nurse saying his child has a fever of 38.5°C (101.3°F). The nurse should instruct the father to do which of the following?

A five-year-old child with HIV presents with dry cough, shortness of breath, and no weight gain for the past year and is diagnosed with lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP). The nurse develops the care plan based on the knowledge that: