A 15-year-old high school student named Emily has been consistently bullied by her peers for the past year.
She has become withdrawn, avoids social interactions, and her academic performance has declined. What psychological effect is Emily most likely experiencing as a result of the bullying?
Depression.
Increased self-esteem.
Enhanced social skills.
Improved academic performance.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Bullying, especially when prolonged, can lead to chronic stress and emotional distress, often manifesting as symptoms of depression. The consistent negative social interactions, feelings of helplessness, social isolation, and decline in academic performance are all classic indicators of major depressive disorder, characterized by persistent sadness, anhedonia, and functional impairment.
Choice B rationale
Bullying systematically erodes an individual's self-worth and confidence. The constant criticism, exclusion, and targeting by peers lead to feelings of inadequacy and shame, directly contradicting any notion of increased self-esteem. Over time, victims often internalize negative messages, resulting in a significant decrease in their overall self-perception and personal value.
Choice C rationale
Bullying typically leads to social withdrawal, not enhanced social skills. Victims often develop anxiety around social interactions due to fear of further judgment or aggression. This avoidance behavior prevents them from practicing and refining social skills, leading to a decline in their ability to engage effectively with peers and form healthy relationships.
Choice D rationale
Bullying causes significant psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating. These factors directly interfere with cognitive functions necessary for learning, such as attention and memory. Consequently, academic performance often declines as the student struggles to focus in class and complete assignments, leading to lower grades. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Restraining a child with autism can exacerbate distress and lead to further agitation due to sensory overload and a feeling of loss of control. Physical restraint can activate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and cortisol levels, which can traumatize the child and hinder therapeutic rapport, contravening principles of trauma-informed care.
Choice B rationale
Hand flapping and rocking are common self-stimulatory behaviors, or "stimming," in children with autism, serving to regulate sensory input and manage anxiety. Allowing these behaviors in a low-stimulus environment supports emotional regulation by reducing external stressors and promoting a sense of security, which is crucial for individuals with sensory processing differences.
Choice C rationale
Immediately redirecting or attempting to stop self-stimulatory behaviors can be counterproductive for a child with autism. These behaviors often serve a vital self-regulatory function; interrupting them without providing an alternative coping mechanism can increase anxiety, frustration, and escalate behavioral challenges, disrupting their internal equilibrium.
Choice D rationale
Engaging in verbal interaction to distract a child with autism during self-soothing can disrupt their regulatory process. Children with ASD often have difficulties with social communication and may find unexpected verbal input overwhelming, potentially increasing sensory overload and agitation, rather than providing effective distraction or comfort.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Reporting any change in the color or temperature of the toes on the casted extremity is crucial for detecting potential neurovascular compromise. Changes like pallor, cyanosis, coolness, or increased warmth can indicate impaired circulation, nerve compression, or infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent permanent tissue damage or complications.
Choice B rationale
Keeping the cast dry and avoiding submersion in water is essential to maintain the cast's integrity and prevent skin maceration. A wet cast can soften, lose its supportive capabilities, and become a breeding ground for bacteria or mold, leading to skin irritation, infection, or breakdown. Special covers are available for showering.
Choice C rationale
Applying lotion or powder to relieve itching under the cast is contraindicated. Lotions can soften the skin, promoting maceration and fungal growth, while powders can cake and irritate the skin. Inserting objects under the cast can also lead to skin abrasions, infections, or foreign body reactions, compromising skin integrity.
Choice D rationale
Using a warm hair dryer to dry the cast if it gets wet is generally discouraged. While a cool setting might be acceptable for some fiberglass casts, warm or hot air can cause burns to the underlying skin, especially if sensation is impaired or if the cast material is plaster, which can retain heat. Air drying or a fan on a cool setting is preferred.
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