A 22-year-old client was newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse will instruct the client to utilize the following methods to administer the subcutaneous insulin injection of 20 units NPH once daily.

A. Sit beside the client and ask how his care team can best support his spiritual needs: Sitting with the client, showing presence, and asking an open question honors the client's expressed spirituality and allows the nurse to assess and facilitate appropriate support (e.g., chaplain, family involvement, reading scripture).

B. Avoid eye contact and call a chaplain for the client to talk to about spiritual matters: Calling a chaplain can be appropriate, but avoiding eye contact and withdrawing from the moment neglects immediate emotional support the nurse can provide.

C. Place a sign on the door to allow the client some quiet time in the mornings: Providing privacy may be useful, but it does not respond to the client’s expressed emotion or request in the moment.

D. Tell the client that his spirituality is impressive: Praising or judging the client’s spirituality shifts focus to the nurse’s view rather than supporting the client’s needs; a reflective, empathetic response is more therapeutic.

A. Stomach: The stomach aids digestion and can contribute to absorption, but it is not the primary organ for systemic drug metabolism.

B. Heart: The heart circulates blood but is not a major site of drug metabolism.

C. Liver: The liver is the principal organ for drug metabolism (hepatic enzymatic biotransformation and the first-pass effect), making it central to how most medications are processed.

D. Pancreas: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, but it is not the main organ responsible for medication metabolism.